Alopecia areata is a common form of immune-mediated alopecia in which autoimmune attack the hair follicles causes loss without scarring, characterized by appearance round, hairless areas on scalp. Current treatments including glucocorticoids (topical, intralesional, and systemic), minoxidil, anthralin, other immunosuppressive agents, contact immunotherapy have variable efficacy for severe disea...

Melanoma, an aggressive malignancy of melanocytes, is responsible for more deaths than any other skin cancer. Despite the fact that there a long lag period before premalignant dysplastic nevi become invasive melanomas, has been little progress in developing new methods melanoma prevention. Using animal model melanomagenesis, we examined whether administration anti-PD-L1 antibodies, effective im...

joint pain is one of the most common complaints with many possible causes.some medicines used for joint pain relief such as nsaids have substantial and frequent side effects. topical route possibly reduces adverse reactions by maximizing local delivery and minimizing systemic toxicity. throughout history, plants have been the most important sources of medicines for human health and iranian trad...

Background: The adjuvanticity potential of Lactobacillus casei was first suggested in an old survey. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of a new immunotherapy against breast cancer made by mixing an extract of heated 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell line and a heat-killed preparation of Lactobacillus casei.Methods: Female BALB/c mice (6–8 weeks old, n=40) were challenged subcu...

objective(s):sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy is a safe and effective method for treatment of ige-mediated respiratory allergies; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. this study was planned to test whether sublingual immunotherapy (slit) can exert epigenetic mechanisms through which the airway allergic responses can be extinguished. materials and methods:balb/c...

since 20th  century, when allergy was defined, an ongoing attempt for discovering the mechanisms underlying it and its treatment began. defining allergens as well as cells such as regulatory t-cells and characterizing the antibodies involved in the pathogenesis (including blocking antibodies) have helped very much towards a better understanding of the immunologic process.however, allergen speci...

some otolaryngologists administer topical phenylephrine for bleeding control in adenoidectomy surgery. absorption of this drug from surgical site can lead to increase in blood pressure due to vasoconstriction and then bradycardia related to baroreceptore reflex.  our case was an intraoperative arrest of a 9-yrs-old girl related to administration of topical phenylephrine during adenoidectomy how...