[1] A simple dynamic model based on boundary layer theory shows that dynamic topography is unlikely to vary significantly in response to short term ( 20 Myr) variations in the mean tectonic velocity. Tectonic velocities essentially mirror variations in mantle viscosity, but are not indicative of substantial modification of dynamic topography, which primarily reflects mass anomalies in the mantl...

PURPOSE To analyze the surface composition of 34 different commercially available titanium dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface composition was evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Samples were divided into 4 groups, depending on their surface topography (machined, sandblasted, acid etched, or plasma sprayed). RESULTS Statistical analysis of the data showed a clear...

In Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), the force between the measurement tip and the sample is controlled in a feedback loop to prevent damage to the tip and sample during imaging, and to convert the measurement of the tip-sample force into an estimation of the sample topography. Dynamical uncertainties of the system pose a strong limitation on the achievable control bandwidth, and on the accuracy o...

Calculations are presented of the rate of energy conversion of the barotropic tide into internal gravity waves above topography on the ocean floor. The ocean is treated as infinitely deep, and the topography consists of periodic obstructions; a Green function method is used to construct the scattered wavefield. The calculations extend the previous results of Balmforth et al. for subcritical top...

the expanding phenomenon of dieback is caused by the reaction of trees against the harmful biotic and a biotic factor that lead to dying of shoots and branches of trees from upper crown to lower crown. this phenomenon spreads throughout the leaves and branches and all parts of the plant and may finally lead to the death of the plant. this study aimed to identify species dieback especially carpi...

Preference for mand topography was evaluated for 2 individuals with developmental disabilities who exhibited problem behavior. The results of a functional analysis showed that each participant's problem behavior was maintained by social reinforcement. Participants were taught two novel mand topographies for the same functional reinforcer, and each proved to be effective in reducing problem beha...

The lattice defects in silicon crystals have three-dimensional distribution. The evaluation technique should provide three-dimensional information of these defects. X-ray topography is the only way to nondestructively characterize the defects in the single crystal with high sensitivity to strain. However, a laboratory X-ray source is too weak to provide three-dimensional information by X-ray to...

Epithelial sheets fold into complex topographies that contribute to their function in vivo. Cells can sense and respond to substrate topography in their immediate vicinity by modulating their interfacial mechanics, but the extent to which these mechanical properties contribute to their ability to sense substrate topography across length scales larger than a single cell has not been explored in ...

PURPOSE To report topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mitomycin C (MMC) after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. METHODS A 34-year-old woman with irregular astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty in the right eye underwent PRK. Topography-guided surface ablation using the customized aspheric treatment zone ablation (CATz) was programmed for a 5.00-mm optical zon...

The water table in unconfined aquifers is often believed to be a subdued replica of the topography or land surface. However, this assumption has not been widely tested and in some cases has been found to be in error. An analysis of ground water rise in regional unconfined aquifers, using both a two-dimensional boundary element model and a one-dimensional Dupuit-Forchheimer model, reveals the co...