in this paper, the definition of meet-continuity on $l$-directedcomplete posets (for short, $l$-dcpos) is introduced. as ageneralization of meet-continuity on crisp dcpos, meet-continuity on$l$-dcpos, based on the generalized scott topology, ischaracterized. in particular, it is shown that every continuous$l$-dcpo is meet-continuous and $l$-continuous retracts ofmeet-continuous $l$-dcpos are al...

network sensors consist of sensor nodes in which every node covers a limited area. the most common use ofthese networks is in unreachable fields.sink is a node that collects data from other nodes.one of the main challenges in these networks is the limitation of nodes battery (power supply). therefore, the use oftopology control is required to decrease power consumption and increase network acce...

A number of algorithms based on the evolutionary processing have been proposed forcommunication networks backbone such as Genetic Algorithm (GA). However, there has beenlittle work on the SWARM optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) for backbone topology design. In this paper, the performance of PSO on GA isdiscussed and a new algorithm as PSOGA is proposed for the net...

performance of the fiber optic networks with different physical topologies such as point-to-point, bus, ring and star, with respect to requirements as bit rates, topology structure, bit. error rate (ber) and optical component characteristics including optical amplifiers, filters, sources and detectors, are analyzed and simulated. for this purpose, maximum number of supportable nodes and throug...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) allow for wireless communications between embedded devices that can be deployed for long periods in harsh environments. Because of their flexibility, WSNs are applicable to a wide variety of domains and a lot of research has been done to determine the best topology for a network, or the best routing protocol. Much of this research is aimed to solve a specific pro...

Multilevel inverters have been developed due to limitations of the conventional two-level voltage source inverters (VSIs). Most of the topologies of multilevel inverters that have been presented in the literature are based on the sharing of the rated voltage between the switches so that the switches with lower voltage ratings can be used. In these topologies, the current rating of all of the sw...

the purpose of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of raising iranian learners’ pragmatic awareness of intercultural rhetoric in enhancing their l2 writing ability, as well as their written complexity and accuracy. to this end, two 25-member groups of efl learners who were taking basic writing course at islamic azad university, roudehen branch, were selected based on their perfor...

Objective self-awareness theory contends that focusing attention on the self initiates an automatic comparison of self to standards. To gain evidence for automatic self–standard comparison processes, two experiments manipulated attention to self with subliminal first-name priming. People completed a computer-based parity task after being instructed that the standard was to be fast or to be accu...