This article elaborates on an accurate energy model (EM) for wireless sensor devices (WSDs) based power consumption measurement. A deep understanding of WSD’s cost depends the functional components contributing to communication process. The includes different stages transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx) modes. practical EM is developed with data packet lengths, rate, operation status, predesigne...

Cognitive radio (CR) is an effective solution to improve the spectral efficiency (SE) of wireless communications by allowing secondary users (SUs) share spectrum with primary (PUs). Meanwhile, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), also known as reconfigurable (RIS), has been recently proposed a promising approach enhance energy (EE) communication systems through intelligently reconfiguring chan...

The two most common halogenation reactions are chlorination and bromination. The addition of these halogens to alkenes yields 1,2-dihalides. Chlorinations reactions are used to synthesize over 6 million tons per year of ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane) for use as a solvent and for subsequent polymerization to produce poly(vinylchloride) known more commonly as PVC which is used for plumb...

Halides were used as the precursors to prepare various kinds of materials by stripped off the halogens. Metals, metal silicides and carbon related materials could be prepared by using metal halides, silicon halides and carbon halides as the precursors. Some active metals and active meta stable species were used as stripping reagents.

We consider the roles of heteroatoms (mainly nitrogen, the halogens and the chalcogens) in dictating the conformation of linear conjugated molecules and polymers through non-covalent intramolecular interactions. Whilst hydrogen bonding is a competitive and sometimes more influential interaction, we provide unambiguous evidence that heteroatoms are able to determine the conformation of such mate...

Addition of Grignard reagents to pyridine N-oxides in THF at low temperature (-78 to -20 degrees C) and treatment with TFAA provides an efficient general procedure for synthesis of substituted pyridines. The method is compatible with a range of functional groups such as esters, halogens and nitriles.

Drug molecules consist of a few tens of atoms connected by covalent bonds. How many such molecules are possible in total and what is their structure? This question is of pressing interest in medicinal chemistry to help solve the problems of drug potency, selectivity, and toxicity and reduce attrition rates by pointing to new molecular series. To better define the unknown chemical space, we have...

Method of increments (MI) calculations reveal the n-body correlation contributions to binding in solid chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Secondary binding contributions as well as d-correlation energies are estimated and compared between each solid halogen. We illustrate that binding is entirely determined by two-body correlation effects, which account for >80% of the total correlation energy. One...

We determined the capacity of transplanted beta cells to modify their replication and mass when stimulated by changes in metabolic demand. Five groups of Lewis rats were studied: group 1 (Tx-Px) had a 95% pancreatectomy 14 d after transplantation of 500 islets; group 2 (Px-Tx) had a 95% pancreatectomy 14 d before transplantation of 500 islets; group 3 (Tx) was transplanted with 500 islets; grou...

[1] Although there is no evidence of active volcanism on Mars today, ‘‘localized’’ outgassing sources, the hot spots, may not be ruled out. If outgassing does occur somewhere on Mars, water, carbon dioxide, sulfur species, methane, and to a lesser extent, halogens would be the likely molecules of outgassing, based on terrestrial analogs. The sulfur species, methane, and halogens have not been d...