The marine biotoxin domoic acid (DA) is an analog of the neurotransmitter glutamate that exerts potent excitatory activity in brain, heart, and other tissues. Produced by diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp., DA accumulates invertebrates, fish, sediment. Southern sea otters ( Enhydra lutris nereis ) feed primarily on including crabs bivalves, concentrate slowly depurate DA. Due to their high prey consu...

Objective To describe the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in treatment flunixin meglumine overdose a cria. Case Summary A 3-day-old alpaca cria was diagnosed with ureteral obstruction and agenesis resulting severe bilateral hydronephrosis. During hospitalization, inadvertently received >65 mg/kg. Here, we report lipid emulsion TPE to mitigate toxicosis. appeared prevent any flunixin-in...

1 Referred by Prof. Dr. Salah Deeb Deeb Professor of Pathology, Fac. Vet. Med., Beni Sueif University Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Samy Professor of Pathology, Fac. Vet. Med., Cairo University Pathologic and clinicopathologic studies on chronic copper toxicosis in a group of milking Ewes By Sameh Youssef Dept. of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Ontario, Canada *Home address: Dept of Pathology, F...

The primary cause of death in most smoke inhalation toxicoses in small animals is believed to be carbon monoxide (CO) toxicosis. Thermal injury to the respiratory tract is another part of the syndrome in many cases. Toxic injury to the respiratory tract from noxious gases and particulates is often a third significant component of the process. Chapter Sections Smoke Inhalation Methylene Chloride...

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is the most important cultivated pasture grass in the USA, occupying over 35 million acres. It is a native of Europe but is of minor importance there. It is not known when tall fescue was first introduced into the USA but it was being tested in several states by the late 1800s (Buckner et al., 1979). However, tall fescue usage remained low until release of the ...

At high levels all mineral elements can produce adverse effects in animals. Thus, the essential minerals must be provided in the diet at concentrations sufficient optimum response and the dietary intake of other minerals must be low enough to provide complete safety for both the animals and also the human population which will consume the meat and eggs. Dietary maximum tolerable levels have bee...

Gravid mares grazing endophyte-infested (E+) tall fescue exhibit increased gestation lengths, agalactia, foal and mare mortality, tough and thickened placentas, weak and dysmature foals, increased sweating during warm weather, reduced serum prolactin and progesterone, and increased serum estradiol-17 beta levels. Also, E+ tall fescue hay is less digestible than endophyte-free (E-) hay. Unlike m...