Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea. It is usually a consequence of antibiotic treatment, But sporadic cases can occur. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of the nosocomial Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) associated diarrhea in Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals and study of antibacterial susceptibility of isolates. In this study ...

The relevance of free radical generation and oxidative stress with regard to aflatoxin production was examined by comparing the oxygen requirement and antioxidant status of a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus with that of a nontoxigenic strain at early (trophophase) and late logarithmic (idiophase) growth phases. In comparison to the nontoxigenic strain, wherein the oxygen requirement...

The microbiota is a major source of protection against intestinal pathogens; however, the specific bacteria and underlying mechanisms involved are not well understood. As a model of this interaction, we sought to determine whether colonization of the murine host with symbiotic non-toxigenic Bacteroides fragilis could limit acquisition of pathogenic enterotoxigenic B. fragilis We observed strain...

Abstract Mycotoxins, the metabolites of toxigenic fungi are important contaminants food and agriculture industry throughout world. Among different strategies to minimize mycotoxins synthesis decontamination food; yeasts their derivatives used as efficient biological control agents. In this study, cell walls (CW) six yeast strains; two commercial baking {Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc 1 Sc2)}, low...

This paper presents the results of a study which was aimed at determining concentration Fusarium fungi and their mycotoxins in fresh bee pollen, stored for different periods. The analysed parameters included palynological analysis, moisture content, fungal counts, identification toxigenic profiles. In this study, 45 pollen samples collected from same apiary families were investigated. Palynolog...

Aflatoxin contamination of peanuts results from invasion and growth of the fungi, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Peanut pods develop in the soil where they are in contact with propagules of these ubiquitous fungi. When peanuts are subjected to drought conditions as pods are maturing, they become susceptible to contamination. A method of biological control of aflatoxin contamination was ...

Mycotoxin-producing Fusarium graminearum and related species cause Fusarium head blight on cultivated grasses, such as wheat and barley. However, these Fusarium species may have had a longer evolutionary history with North American grasses than with cultivated crops and may interact with the ancestral hosts in ways which are biochemically distinct. We assayed 25 species of asymptomatic native g...

MARASAS, W . F. 0. & SMALLEY, E. B. Mycoflora, toxicity and nutritive value of mouldy maize. Onderstepoort]. vet. Res. 39 (1), 1-10 (1972). Large populations of fungi developed in naturally infested mouldy maize stored under conditions that led to self-heating. Mould counts as high as 50 X 106 propagules per gram of meal were recorded in mouldy maize meal with a moisture content of 30% stored a...