1 INTRODUCTION The point of view taken in this instroduction to discrete event systems (DES) is that they consist of interacting nodes. Each node can be a system in itself and may be thought of as a component of the DES. These components can operate concurrently, i.e., a component can be performing one of its functions at the same time that another component is carrying out one of its respectiv...

Stopped flow studies of the oxidative deamination of L-glutamate by TPN and beef liver glutamate dehydrogenase were performed at pH 6.5 and 7.6. At each pH value, the initial burst slopes obey an equation of the form: e/v = 40 + dd(TPN) + h/bglutamate) + &/(TPN)(L-glutamate). The agreement of dissociation constants for enzyme-TPN and enzyme-L-glutamate binary complexes obtained from the r#~ val...

process mining includes the automated discovery of petri nets from event logs. these event logs are the starting point for various discovery and analysis techniques of the process.  in this paper process model is developed using colored petri nets (cpns) and the supporting software package cpn tools. the restaurant process model is represented for the analysis using a combination of process min...

We consider Dense-Timed Petri Nets (TPN), an extension of Petri nets in which each token is equipped with a real-valued clock and where the semantics is lazy (i.e., enabled transitions need not fire; time can pass and disable transitions). We consider the following verification problems for TPNs. (i) Zenoness: whether there exists a zeno-computation from a given marking, i.e., an infinite compu...

OBJECTIVE Parenteral nutrition in infants with gastrointestinal disorders can be lifesaving, but it is also associated with parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. We investigated the effects of incorporating ω-3 fish oil in a parenteral nutrition mixture on signs of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease and explored the mechanism involved in this process. METHODS Seven-day-old...

BACKGROUND Little is known about parathyroid gland function in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether parathyroid gland function is abnormal in TPN recipients. DESIGN Six patients with a mean (+/-1 SD) age of 45.5 +/- 8.0 y who had been receiving TPN for 18.7 +/- 2. 8 y underwent bone biopsy, bone mass measurements with dual-ene...

The beneficial effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in improving the nutritional status of malnourished patients during hospital stays have been well established. However, recent randomized trials and meta-analyses have reported an increased rate of TPN-associated complications and mortality in critically ill patients. The increased risk of complications during TPN therapy has been linke...

Preterm neonates have an immature gut and metabolism and may benefit from total parenteral nutrition (TPN) before enteral food is introduced. Conversely, delayed enteral feeding may inhibit gut maturation and sensitize to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Intestinal mass and NEC lesions were first recorded in preterm pigs fed enterally (porcine colostrum, bovine colostrum, or formula for 20-40 h...