The trace automaton appears to be a useful tool in generating partially-ordered test cases for asynchronous systems. We give an EXPSPACE algorithm which constructs the trace automaton from a given set of asynchronous communicating processes. Conclusions: We introduce the notion of trace automaton of a system of asyn-chronously communicating input-output state machines such that the trace automa...

This study sought to determine whether CA1 hippocampal neurons encode the duration of the trace interval during trace fear conditioning. Single neurons were recorded extracellularly in the CA1 of rabbits during and after a single trace fear classical conditioning session. Trace fear conditioning trials consisted of an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS; 3 sec) and a fear-producing shock uncondit...

A microstrip structure with a narrow return plane generates large common-mode radiation. The guard trace attached near the signal line can reduce common-mode radiation. In general, the guard trace needs a lot of via connections to the return plane for keeping the guard trace grounded. The guard trace with long intervals of vias causes resonance and additional radiation. We propose a novel techn...

2 A denote the transpose, Moore-Penrose generalized inverse, Frobenius norm and Euclid norm, respectively. For any , m n A B  R ,   , 0 T A B trace B A   denotes the inner product of A and B . Therefore, m n R  is a complete inner product space endowed with 2 , A A A  . For any non-zero matrices 1 2 , , , m n k A A A  R  , if  , T j i i A A trace A     0 j A i j   , then it is...

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inorganic and organic trace minerals in two levels of supplementation regarding performance, diarrhea occurrence, hematological parameters, fecal mineral excretion and mineral retention in metacarpals and liver of weanling pigs. Seventy piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight of 6.70 ± 0.38 kg were allotted in...

The conjugate traceand traceof a planepartition aredefined,and thegenerating function for the number of plane partitions TT of n with <r rows and largest part <m, with conjugate trace t (or trace I, when m = co), is found. Various properties of this generating function are studied. One consequence of these properties is a formula which can be regarded as a q-analog of a well-known result arisin...

Trace minerals exist in cells and tissues of the animal body in a variety of chemical combinations, and in characteristic concentrations, depending on the trace mineral consumed and the tissue in which the trace mineral is metabolized (McDowell, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). Concentrations of trace minerals must be maintained within narrow limits in a cell (McDowell, 1989, 1992; Underwood ...

.................................... ............................................................. vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 1 The History of Elemental Analysis ...................................................................... 1 ICP-MS ...............................................................................................