Fossil coral is an excellent archive to extend the radiocarbon (C) calibration beyond tree-ring records; however, published coral data older than 26,000 years before present are too disparate for practical calibration. We propose an explanation for these discrepancies: trace amounts of secondary calcite and organic matter in fossil corals shift the C ages toward younger ages. In a series of aci...

The Buxton-Norlim Limeworks southwest of Taung, South Africa, is renowned for the discovery of the first Australopithecus africanus fossil, the 'Taung Child'. The hominin was recovered from a distinctive pink calcrete that contains an abundance of invertebrate ichnofauna belonging to the Coprinisphaera ichnofacies. Here we describe the first fossil bee's nest, attributed to the ichnogenus Celli...

Organism-built structures have long been useful artifacts for students of evolution and systematics, because they represent a permanent record of a set of behaviors. These structures also represent an investment of energy by an organism, and to persist in the fossil record, the energetic investment in the structure must pay off for the organisms that build it, in either improved survivorship, i...

it is inferred from the symmetrical and luminous x-ray emission of fossil groups that they are mature, relaxed galaxy systems. cosmological simulations and observations focusing on their dark halo and inter-galactic medium properties confirm their early formation. recent photometric observations suggest that, unlike the majority of non-fossil brightest group galaxies (bggs), the central early-t...

fossil fuel power plant is one of the most important sources of environmental pollution of the vanadium toxic metal. this survey showed that the penicilium austuranium is the best microorganism for biosorption of vanadium isolated from environment of fossil fuel power plant. to determine the optimum ph and most biosorption and accumulation of vanadium by these fungi, power plants wastewater, pa...