Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the optic nerve via a glymphatic pathway and whether this entry is size-dependent. Methods Fluorescent dextran tracers (fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]) of four different sizes (10, 40, 70, and 500 kDa) and FITC-ovalbumin (45 kDa) were injected into the CSF of 15 adult mice. Tracer distribution in th...

The dual-tracer method has been used conventionally for assessment of postprandial fluxes, i.e., appearance in plasma of ingested glucose (R(a meal)), endogenous glucose production (EGP), and disposal (R(d)). To quantify the magnitude of errors affecting the calculations and their dependence on model assumptions, this method was assessed and compared with the triple-tracer method, which provide...

We demonstrate that tracer/host size asymmetry and electrostatic interactions strongly affect rotational self-diffusion in binary mixtures of charged colloidal tracer and host spheres. Tracer diffusion coefficients, measured with time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy, are compared with calculations of rotational diffusion including two- and three-particle hydrodynamic interactions. We also s...

The most prevalent use of a radioactive tracer is to assess specific organ function for diagnostic purpose. This analysis is performed by obtaining a time-activity curve of the tracer and then developing an appropriate mathematical model for disposition kinetics of the tracer. This article provides an introductory guide to several aspects of this method, which has been successfully applied in v...

Aflatoxins are a group of fungal toxic metabolites, which are contaminated certain food commodities. ELISA is one of the sensitive methods for detection of aflatoxins. Preparation and stabilizing of a proper conjugated tracer for detection of aflatoxins is probably the main step for designing an ELISA method. In current study, different stabilizers were applied to stabilize a newly prepared con...

introduction: 18f-choline pet-ct is an increasingly used technique in patients with prostate cancer. the main indication is to localise the disease in patients with biochemical recurrence. to accurately interpret 18f-choline pet, knowledge of normal tracer distribution is paramount. the aim of this study was to describe the normal distribution pattern of 18f-choline by measuring the maximum sta...

1. We estimated uptake of stream water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through a wholestream addition of a C-DOC tracer coupled with laboratory measurements of bioavailability of the tracer and stream water DOC. 2. The tracer, a leachate of C-labelled tree tissues, was added to the head waters of White Clay Creek, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., over a 2-h period and followed 1.27 km downstream to generat...

Three conservative tracer tests have been conducted through the Bridge Fault fracture zone at the Raft River Geothermal (RRG) site. All three tests were conducted between injection well RRG-5 and production wells RRG-1 (790 m distance) and RRG4 (740 m distance). The injection well is used during the summer months to provide pressure support to the production wells. The first test was conducted ...