Recently, efforts have been made by Kristek et al.(2002) toward the implementation of a zero-traction boundary condition for an elastic medium by using high-order staggered-grid finite-difference modeling and avoiding symmetry conditions, vacuum formulations, or, other approaches that require grid points located beyond the physical boundary (ghost points). In this work, a new set of numerical d...

Mechanical forces have key roles in regulating activation of T cells and coordination of the adaptive immune response. A recent example is the ability of T cells to sense the rigidity of an underlying substrate through the T-cell receptor (TCR) coreceptor CD3 and CD28, a costimulation signal essential for cell activation. In this report, we show that these two receptor systems provide complemen...

A characterization theorem for moments of the Stokes traction field on the bounding surface of a three-dimensional flow domain is stated and proved. Whereas the single-layer Stokes potentials lead to a weakly singular representation of the traction field on the boundary, the doublelayer potentials lead to a hyper-singular representation, which is less convenient for analysis and numerics. Howev...

Anomalous posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) plays a major role in the formation of anterior-posterior and tangential epiretinal traction. Advances in the tomographic analysis of vitreous traction vectors have highlighted the selected cases that can benefit from " parasurgical " approaches, providing a different perspective for therapeutic strategies. The symptomatic anterior-posterior tractio...

PURPOSE Football is the most popular high school sport; however, it has the highest rate of injury. Speculation has been prevalent that foot fixation due to high footwear traction contributes to injury risk. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the athlete's specific footwear traction (measured with their own shoes on the field of play) and ...

The study of brittle or fatigue fracture that involves contact along the crack faces is difficult for several reasons. On the one hand, material data pertaining to the growth of cracks in a compressive environment are scant, and, on the other, frictional stresses may be transmitted across the contacting crack faces. The analysis of cracks under these conditions is complicated. Nevertheless, sol...

Analysis of non-laminar flows in coarse alluvial beds has a wide range of applications in various civil engineering, oil and gas, and geology problems. Darcy equation is not valid to analyze transient and turbulent flows, so non-linear equations should be applied. Non-linear equations are classified into power and binomial equations. Binomial equation is more accurate in a wide range of velocit...

Liquid sloshing is a common phenomenon in the transporting of liquid tanks. Liquid waves lead to fluctuating forces on the tank wall. If these fluctuations are not predicted or controlled, they can lead to large forces and momentum. Baffles can control liquid sloshing fluctuations. One numerical method, widely used to model the liquid sloshing phenomena is Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)....

a novel computational fluid dynamics and molecular kinetic theory (cfd-mk) method was developed to simulate the impingement of a nanodroplet onto a solid surface. a numerical solution of the navier–stokes equation using a volume-of-fluid (vof) technique was used to model nanodroplet deformation. dynamic contact angle during droplet impact was obtained by molecular kinetic theory. this dynamic c...

Whether to spread on a surface or to crawl, cells must apply traction forces to the underlying substrate via adhesion complexes. In this issue, Pontes et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201611117) shed new light on how the interplay among membrane tension, the lamellipodial actin network, and adhesions coordinate the dynamics of spreading fibroblasts.