w hether the united kingdom (uk) should remain in the european :union: (eu) or not has been a fiercely debated issue both before and after the referendum in the uk on june 23, 2016. the main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the pros and cons of the uk leaving the eu. it is concluded that if the uk leaves the eu, the resulting economic shock would risk adverse effects on macroeconomic variab...

Introduction Livestock diseases in most developing countries are often widely distributed. The wide distribution of diseases often renders whole countries ineligible to participate in international trade of meat and meat products 1. These trade restrictions serve as a continuous primary source of revenue loss. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) now promotes establishment of disease ...

We examine the relationship between government size and economic growth, controlling for economic freedom and globalization, and using Bayesian Averaging over Classical Estimates in a panel of rich countries. Countries with big government have experienced above average increases in the KOF globalization index and in the Fraser institute’s Economic freedom index. To maintain comparability with e...

This paper establishes a model to explore how all the countries in the world export to an importer. The trade frictions of an exporter include both a variable cost and a fixed cost, and the exporter’s bilateral trade relationship is represented by the exported value, the number of exporting firms, and the average price of exported products. The model relaxes the usual assumption that the price ...

Does religious freedom steer economic growth impact of trade-openness? This paper employs the method moments-quantile regression to panel data 117 developed and developing countries show that accommodate greater liberal beliefs enjoy, on average, higher in per capita income via deeper trade openness. Empirical results reveal dynamic nexus between across is subject institutional environment. The...

Temporal index decomposition analysis and spatial index decomposition analysis were applied to understand the driving forces of the emissions embodied in China's exports and net exports during 2002-2011, respectively. The accumulated emissions embodied in exports accounted for approximately 30% of the total emissions in China; although the contribution of the sectoral total emissions intensity ...

A terms of trade index is generally defined as an economy’s index of export prices divided by an index of import prices. The implementation of this definition would not warrant a chapter in a textbook or in a Manual: it is more or less straightforward. However, many economists over the years have observed that an improvement in an economy’s terms of trade has effects that are very similar to an...

CUTS Centre for International Trade, Economics and Environment (CUTS CITEE), Jaipur, organised a National Conference entitled ‘Towards a Coherent Trade and Development Strategy of India’ at the India Habitat Centre, New Delhi on 24-25 July 2008. The event discussed important issues such as the need for mainstreaming international trade into the national development strategy of India, how the co...

In this paper, we present a variant of Diem’s Õ(q) index calculus algorithm to attack the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) in Jacobians of genus 3 non-hyperelliptic curves over a finite field Fq. We implement this new variant in C++ and study the complexity in both theory and practice, making the logarithmic factors and constants hidden in the Õ-notation precise. Our variant improves the comput...