Many software companies are using SOA (service-oriented architectures) as the cornerstone for their business activities. In this context, service level agreements (SLAs) are gaining importance in both cross-organizational and intraorganizational scenarios because they provide important benefits to both the service consumer and the service provider. On the one hand, SLAs grant consumers guarante...

In this article, we explore what happens when idea(l)s of Islamic charity ( sadaqah ) and social enterprise converge within a low-cost public health clinic in Colombo, Sri Lanka. For both the clinic’s wealthy sponsors urban poor who use it, interpreting intervention as pious expression care toward or for-profit humanitarian venture meant extending different futures to poor. The ambiguous tempor...

Market Surveillance plays important mechanism roles in constructing market models. From data analysis perspective, we view it valuable for smart trading in designing legal and profitable trading strategies and smart regulation in maintaining market integrity, transparency and fairness. The existing trading pattern analysis only focuses on interday data which discloses explicit and high-level ma...

In the age of rapidly evolving computer technology, the trading of securities and commodities, which traditionally has occurred on exchanges and commodity markets, is now also done on electronic systems. The degree of automation varies from system to system.' The speed and degree of automation is largely dependent on historical factors, such as the existence of a highly successful stock exchang...