Anthropogenic infrastructure such as roads and non-native species are major causes of species endangerment. Understanding animal behavioral responses to roads and traffic provides insight into causes and mechanisms of effects of linear development on wildlife and aids effective mitigation and conservation. We investigated effects of roads and traffic on space use and movements of two forest-dwe...

On the Internet, there is a well-documented requirement that much more bandwidth be available than is used on average. This extra bandwidth is required to handle “network spikes”, those times when network traffic peaks, using much more bandwidth than is normally needed. Sometimes these spikes can be quite large, requiring a network be provisioned to provide two to twenty times the bandwidth tha...

Several studies in network traffic characterization have concluded that network traffic is self-similar and therefore not readily amenable to statistical multiplexing in a distributed computing system. This paper examines the effects of the TCP protocol stack on network traffic via an experimental study on the different implementations of TCP. We show that even when aggregate application traffi...

Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) have the potential to contribute to the solution of the traffic congestion problem. However, for these systems to be effective, the generated strategies should be proactive (i.e. based on predicted traffic conditions) as opposed to reactive, in order to avoid many undesirable effects such as overreaction...

We examine the effects of urban rail transit on on-road carbon emissions in 90 Chinese cities, taking a structural equation modeling approach. Urban theoretically helps mitigate overall transport-sector by absorbing part vehicular traffic demand or generating traffic-diversion effects. However, its net contribution is obscure, given potential traffic-creation effects, since improved access can ...

This study aims to explore how the soundscape quality of traffic noise environments can be improved by the masking effects of birdsong in terms of four soundscape characteristics, i.e., perceived loudness, naturalness, annoyance and pleasantness. Four factors that may influence the masking effects of birdsong (i.e., distance of the receiver from a sound source, loudness of masker, occurrence fr...

This study investigates the causes, effects and remedies of traffic congestion which has become a common sight in most highways in Nigeria; Mowe/Ibafo section of the Lagos-Ibadan expressway was used as the case-study. 300 Structured questionnaires were distributed among the road users comprising drivers (Private and Commercial), passengers, pedestrians, traffic officers, church congregations, c...