Primary visual cortex exhibits two types of gamma rhythm: broadband activity in the 30-90 Hz range and a narrowband oscillation seen in mice at frequencies close to 60 Hz. We investigated the sources of the narrowband gamma oscillation, the factors modulating its strength, and its relationship to broadband gamma activity. Narrowband and broadband gamma power were uncorrelated. Increasing visual...

Characteristics of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), such as frequency, propagation, spatial extent, and amplitude, strongly depend on the climatological background state of the tropical Pacific. Multidecadal changes in the oceanmean state are hence likely tomodulate ENSOproperties. To better link background state variations with low-frequency amplitude changes of ENSO, we develop a diag...

the performance of many traffic control strategies depends on how much the traffic flow models are accurately calibrated. one of the most applicable traffic flow model in traffic control and management is lwr or metanet model. practically, key parameters in lwr model, including free flow speed and critical density, are parameterized using flow and speed measurements gathered by inductive loop d...

Annually, more than 1 million people were killed in road traffic accidents worldwide every year and an uncounted number were severe injured. In 2012 fatal injuries caused by road traffic accidents are under the top ten lists of causes of death in the world. It´s expected that in the near future road traffic accidents become one of the main causes of death in the world. Most of these fatal injur...

The revival of oscillation and maintaining rhythmicity in a network of coupled oscillators offer an open challenge to researchers as the cessation of oscillation often leads to a fatal system degradation and an irrecoverable malfunctioning in many physical, biological, and physiological systems. Recently a general technique of restoration of rhythmicity in diffusively coupled networks of nonlin...

This study's aim was to identify the effect of oscillation of torques in isometric tasks under identical mechanical conditions on the muscle synergies used. It was hypothesized that bi-functional muscles would play a lesser role in torque oscillation, because they would also generate an undesired oscillation. Thus, changes in muscle synergies were expected as a consequence of oscillation in tor...

A period of deep inspiration in humans has been shown to attenuate subsequent bronchoconstriction, a phenomenon termed bronchoprotection. The bronchoprotective effect of deep inspiration may be caused though a depression in the force production of airway smooth muscle (ASM). We determined the response of whole airway segments and isolated ASM to a period of cyclic stretches. Isovolumetric contr...

this paper presents a new modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm (msfla) applied to design simultaneous coordinated tuning of damping controllers to damp the power system low frequency oscillations. for this, a new frog leaping rule is proposed to improve the local exploration and performance of the original sfla and the genetic mutation operator is employed for new frog generation instead of...