A previous study showed that oleic acid was converted by mixed ruminal microbes to stearic acid and also converted to a multitude of trans octadecenoic acid isomers. This study traced the metabolism of one of these trans C18:1 isomers upon its incubation with mixed ruminal microbes. Unlabeled and labeled (18-[13C]trans-9 C18:1) elaidic acid were each added to four in vitro batch cultures with t...

The use of fluorescent conjugated polyenoic fatty acids as probes of membrane structure is introduced. alpha- and beta-parinaric acid (cis, trans, trans, cis-, and all trans-9,11,13,15-octadecatetraenoic acid) and synthetic lecithins containing an alpha-parinaric acid chain in position 2 are prepared and their absorption and fluorescence properties are determined. Phase transitions are detected...

Biomarkers of trans-fatty acid consumption have been associated with increased risks of breast and colon cancer, although no studies have examined their associations with prostate cancer risk. Using data from the beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial, this nested case-control study examined the relationships between serum phospholipid trans-fatty acids and prostate cancer incidence in 272 ca...

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in adipose tissue explant cultures of growing pigs on the following responses: lipogenesis (measured as rate of (14)C-labeled glucose incorporation over a subsequent 2-h incubation in the presence or absence of insulin), lipolysis (release of non-esterified fatty acid over a 2-h in...

Trans polyunsaturated fatty acids are produced during heat treatment of oils, such as deodorization and frying. The detailed metabolic pathways of these trans isomers are not fully understood. In the present work, the desaturation and chain elongation of [114 C]linoleic acid, 9 cis ,12 trans -18:2, 9 trans ,12 cis -18:2, a -linolenic acid, 9 cis , 12 cis ,15 trans -18:3 and 9 trans ,12 cis ,15 ...

A procedure is described for selection of temperature-sensitive mutants affecting fatty-acid synthesis based upon radiation suicide of wild-type organisms by tritiated acetate selectively incorporated into fatty acids. At 37 degrees , two of the mutants extensively incorporate fatty-acid supplements provided in the medium, and grow for extended periods only when a trans-unsaturated or a combina...

Based on potential benefits to human health, there is increasing interest in altering the composition of ruminant-derived foods. Including rapeseeds in the dairy cow diet is an effective strategy for replacing medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) with cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in bovine milk, but there is limited information on the optimum level of supplementation. Decreases in...

Rumen biohydrogenation of dietary alpha-linolenic acid gives rise in ruminants to accumulation of fatty acid intermediates, some of which may be transferred into milk. Rumelenic acid [cis-9 trans-11 cis-15 C18:3 (RLnA)] has recently been characterized, but other C18:3 minor isomers are still unknown. The objective of this work was to identify a new isomer of octatridecenoic acid present in milk...

Shea butter is the edible fat extracted from the nut of African Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa). Consequence of having half of its fatty acids saturated, Shea butter melts at a very high temperature and will be a suitable raw material for margarine production. Margarine is a butter mimicry that is produced from vegetable oils and water. The production of margarine requires a solid fat. Hence hy...