Despite the human brain's ability to rapidly reorganize neuronal activity patterns in response to interactions with the environment (e.g., learning), it remains unclear whether compensatory mechanisms occur, on a similar time scale, in response to exogenous cortical perturbations. To investigate this, we disrupted normal neural function via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and asses...

Different EEG effects of long-interval paired pulse TMS in AWAKE and NREM state. Occipital transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied in a task-free experimental setup during wakefulness leads to relative more positive slow-wave brain potentials in frontal and central areas the of brain (Stamm, Aru, & Bachmann, 2011). Current study tested whether paired pulse TMS during wakefulness is asso...

Substance use disorders (SUDs) can be viewed as a pathology of neuroadaptation. The pharmacological overstimulation of neural mechanisms of reward, motivated learning and memory leads to drug-seeking behavior. A critical characteristic of SUDs is the appearance of craving, the motivated desire and urge to use, which is a main focus of current pharmacological and behavioral therapies. Recent pro...

Modulation of activity in the left temporoparietal area (LTA) by 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) results in a transient reduction of tinnitus. We aimed to replicate these results and test whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of LTA could yield similar effect. Patients with tinnitus underwent six different types of stimulation in a random order: 10-Hz ...

When Policy Topic is not covered Treatment of tinnitus with any of the following therapies is considered investigational:  tinnitus maskers, customized sound therapy  combined psychological and sound therapy (eg tinnitus retraining therapy)  transcranial magnetic stimulation,  transcranial direct current stimulation  electrical transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the ear, electromagne...

i Acknowledgements vi Table of

Treatment of tinnitus with tinnitus coping therapy, tinnitus maskers, tinnitus retraining therapy, customized sound therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the ear, transmeatal laser irradiation, electromagnetic energy, and botulinum toxin type A injections is considered investigational, as there is insufficie...

To verify the role of interhemispheric influences on manifestations of neglect, the authors investigated the effects of a transient repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-induced disruption of the unaffected hemisphere on contralesional visuospatial neglect in two left- and five right-brain-damaged patients. Parietal rTMS of the unaffected hemisphere during the execution of a compu...

Converging evidence from neuroimaging and neuromodulation literature suggests that the cerebellum plays a broad role in motor as well as cognitive processes through its participation in resting-state networks. A recent study by Halko et al. (J Neurosci 34: 12049-12056, 2014) demonstrates, for the first time, the ability to modulate functional connectivity of some of these distinct resting-state...