Organic solar cells are flexible and inexpensive, and expected to have a wide range of applications. Many transparent organic solar cells have been reported and their success hinges on full transparency and high power conversion efficiency. Recently, carbon nanotubes and graphene, which meet these criteria, have been used in transparent conductive electrodes. However, their use in top electrode...

in recent years, outsourcing as a means of promoting and development of productivity has been considered to be in line with the country's 20-years vision document and article 44 of the constitution by administrators of organizations. this process has been implemented in different forms in order to effectively downsize the government. iutun this study, technical efficiency and scale efficiency o...

in this study, activated sludge process for wastewater treatment in a refinery was investigated. for such purpose, a laboratory scale rig was built. the effect of several parameters such as temperature, residence time, effect of leca (filling-in percentage of the reactor by leca) and uv radiation on cod removal efficiency were experimentally examined. maximum cod removal efficiency was obtained...

Nuclear transfer is a complex multistep procedure that includes oocyte maturation, cell cycle synchronization of donor cells, enucleation, cell fusion, oocyte activation and embryo culture. Therefore, many factors are believed to contribute to the success of embryo development following nuclear transfer. Numerous attempts to improve cloning efficiency have been conducted since the birth of the ...

CTnERL, a Bacteroides conjugative transposon, transferred DNA by an Hfr-type mechanism during conjugation when it was excision deficient due to an insertion in the integrase gene. Rescue of the conjugative transposon sequences required the recipient to be RecA proficient and to contain an integrated CTnERL. The transfer efficiency was only 10- to 30-fold lower than the normal element transfer e...

Plankton play a key role in oceanic carbon flux as the primary biological mechanism for the sequestration of carbon out of the atmosphere into surface waters. The transfer of energy between phytoplankton and zooplankton can be inferred from regular patterns in population size structure, where plots of abundance within size classes typically show a power-law dependence on size. Here we analyze s...

The sequence, temperature, concentration, and solvent dependence of singlet energy transfer from normal DNA bases to the 2-aminopurine base in synthesized DNA oligomers were investigated by optical spectroscopy. Transfer was shown directly by a variable fluorescence excitation band at 260-280 nm. Adenine (A) is the most efficient energy donor by an order of magnitude. Stacks of A adjacent to 2A...

Self-assembling, light harvesting arrays of organic chromophores can be templated using the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMVP). The efficiency of energy transfer within systems containing a high ratio of donors to acceptors shows a strong dependence on the TMVP assembly state. Rod and disk assemblies derived from a single stock of chromophore-labeled protein exhibit drastically different ...

This paper presents the design of a capacitive power transfer (CPT) system by using the Class-E amplifier approach. The Class-E amplifier approach is chosen to be adopted since it produces high efficiency as close as to 100%, theoretically. Based on the Class-E approach, a design of wireless power transfer system is used to transfer power to a LED lamp. The system has an output around 4.2 watts...

in this paper, analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer over the bank of tubes is considered. k-ω sst model is applied for simulation of turbulent flow. in this paper, the improvement of efficiency of a bundle of circular tubes by changing the shape of the cross section of one row of the pipes to the elliptical cross section as an innovative plan is considered. as know, friction factor in turbu...