Helminth infections and allergy have evolutionary and clinical links. Infection with the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides induces IgE against several molecules including invertebrate pan-allergens. These antibodies influence the pathogenesis and diagnosis of allergy; therefore, studying parasitic and non-parasitic allergens is essential to understand both helminth immunity and allergy. Glutathione...

Naturally occurring coumarins (NOCs) are anti-carcinogenic in the mouse skin model. To characterize the chemopreventive potential of NOCs against breast cancer, we first examined their effects on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-DNA adduct formation in mouse mammary gland. We hypothesized that those NOCs that both inhibited cytochrome P450 1A1/1B1 and induced hepatic glutathione S-transfer...

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes present in virtually all organisms. Besides having an essential role in cellular detoxification, they also perform various other functions, including responses in stress conditions and signaling. GSTs are highly studied in plants and animals; however, the knowledge regarding GSTs in cyanobacteria seems rudimentary. In this study, we ...

Sphingobium chlorophenolicum completely mineralizes PCP (pentachlorophenol). Two GSTs (glutathione transferases), PcpC and PcpF, are involved in the degradation. PcpC uses GSH to reduce TeCH (tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone) to TriCH (trichloro-p-hydroquinone) and then to DiCH (dichloro-p-hydroquinone) during PCP degradation. However, oxidatively damaged PcpC produces GS-TriCH (S-glutathionyl-TriCH)...

As acrylamide is a known neurotoxin for many animals and potential carcinogen for humans, it came as a surprise when the Swedish National Food Agency and Stockholm University reported in 2002 that it is formed during the frying or baking of foods. We report here genomic and proteomic analyses on genes and proteins of Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to 500 mg/l acrylamide. Of the 21,120 genes pro...

Melanoma is a malignant tumor that results from DNA damage and related mutations in melanocytes (Rass & Reichrath, 2008). It usually occurs in result of collision of ultraviolet (UV) photon with a chromophore in a skin cell, production of reactive oxygen species which attack the melanocytes and induce oxidative stress with the DNA damage by oxidation. Conceptually, oxidative stress results from...

GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that are perhaps best known to participate in cell detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide variety of xenobiotics that have electrophilic centers. Production of these adducts promotes cytoprotection and further increases their subsequent cellular excretion (10). As understanding of these enzymes ...

The 13 forms of human liver glutathione S-transferases (GST) (Vander Jagt, D. L., Hunsaker, L. A., Garcia, K. B., and Royer, R. E. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 11603-11610) are composed of subunits in two electrophoretic mobility groups: Mr = 26,000 (Ha) and Mr = 27,500 (Hb). Preparations purified from the S-hexyl GSH-linked Sepharose 4B affinity column revealed three additional peptides at Mr = ...

Heavy metal ions are known to induce generation of a large number reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in adaptation and response oxidative stress. GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 genes have numerous described polymorphisms, the most significant being Ile105Val deletion ones. Our objective was study relationship between genetic polymorphism blood levels me...

The Omega class of glutathione transferases (GSTs) forms a distinct within the cytosolic GST superfamily because most them possess catalytic cysteine residue. human 1 isoform was first characterized twenty years ago, but it took work to clarify roles isoforms. Concerning kingdom fungi, little is known about cellular functions (GSTOs), although they are widely represented in some these organisms...