this study was conducted to identify and compare the strategies applied by two native farsi translators in rendering the culture specific items (csis) of a literary text titled savushun in their english translations. in this study, csis refer to the materials, social customs, religious concepts, and traditions available in one language and culture but nonexistent in the other language and cultu...

Translation has contributed a huge effect to everyday life since its existence. The translation is very complex language activity that requires the translator have knowledge on and grammar, at same time culture, social, religion, material. purpose of this study assess accuracy English sentences into Indonesia in novel entitled “Juliet” written by Anne Fortier using theory Nababan’s assessment. ...

The objective of the study was translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the instrument Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r). The ESAS-r is a revised version of the instrument ESAS that assesses nine symptoms in Palliative Care. This is a methodological study based on a benchmark composed of six steps: translation, synthesis, backtranslation, expert committee...

BACKGROUND Along with the global fervor over evidence based medicine (EBM), certain measures have been taken in Iran too. Many educational workshops and national and international seminars have been held. Multiple educational packages have been prepared and even included in the educational curriculum. In recent years, policies have been directed toward encouraging clinical guidelines, health te...

BACKGROUND The question of how to measure, assess and optimise the returns from investment in health and medical research (HMR) is a highly policy-relevant issue. Research Impact Assessment Frameworks (RIAFs) provide a conceptual measurement framework to assess the impact from HMR. The aims of this study were (1) to elicit the views of Medical Research Institutes (MRIs) regarding objectives, de...

MT-EQuAl (Machine Translation Errors, Quality, Alignment) is a toolkit for human assessment of Machine Translation (MT) output. MT-EQuAl implements three different tasks in an integrated environment: annotation of translation errors, translation quality rating (e.g. adequacy and fluency, relative ranking of alternative translations), and word alignment. The toolkit is webbased and multi-user, a...

This paper aims to unravel the automatic quality assessment for spoken language translation (SLT). More precisely, we propose several effective estimators based on our estimation of transcription (ASR) quality, translation (MT) quality, or both (combined and joint features using ASR and MT information). Our experiments provide an important opportunity to advance the understanding of the predict...

Today, great a number of assessment methods have been practiced in educational systems. However, Dynamic Assessment (DA), as the modern assessment method with its emphasis on improvement and development of learning through joining teaching and assessment, is of paramount significance. Thus, one can call DA as a major and revolutionizing factor in teaching and assessment. So far, some conducted ...

The scope of this study was to make the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment questionnaire in a group of students in higher education in Portugal. The process of translation and validation consisted of translation, back translation, expert committee review, pre-testing and testing of the psychometric properties. The final version adapted with 30 ...