Reporting of observational studies is often inadequate, hampering the assessment of their strengths and weaknesses and, consequently, the generalization of study results. The initiative named Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) developed a checklist of 22 items, the STROBE Statement, with recommendations about what should be included in a more accurate ...

setting standards for translation assessment has usually been problematic for authorities, theoreticians, and most commonly instructors. it is often difficult to tell the difference between translation evaluation, criticism, and assessment due to hardships of bridging the gap between theory and practice. the aim of this study was to create a rubric against which translations could be assessed. ...

In this report we present a translation of Belnap’s four-valued logic[1] into classical first-order logic. Soundness and completeness of the translation approach with respect to Belnap’s notion of entailment are proved. Examples derivations are also given. These results provide the basis for developing a belief revision approach for Belnap’s logic in terms of standard AGM [3] belief revision op...

We demonstrate how the frequency of a single-mode cw dye laser can be translated by 1.772 GHz using stimulated Raman scattering in sodium vapor. The output of a sodium Raman laser, the frequency-translated beam, is shown to be highly correlated in frequency with the dye-laser pump beam. The bandwidth of the 1.772-GHz heterodyne beat signal between the two beams is found to be as narrow as 440 H...

This paper is concerned with speech-to-speech translation that is sensitive to paralinguistic information. From themany different possible paralinguistic features to handle, in this paper we chose duration and power as a first step, proposing a method that can translate these features from input speech to the output speech in continuous space. This is done in a simple and language-independent f...

We define a translation of aggregate programs to normal logic programs which preserves the set of partial stable models. We then define the classes of definite and stratified aggregate programs and show that the translation of such programs are, respectively, definite and stratified logic programs. Consequently these two classes of programs have a single partial stable model which is two-valued...

An ontology-based method named AOBM is proposed in this paper. It fully takes into account the factors that will afect the communication, and using ontology can be represented in agent's knowledge base. Pmvided ontology did not belong to the public data or have any public ontology, AOBM establishes a layering algorithm, which is able to avoid logical exception handling policies, ensure the righ...

Certificate translation is a method that transforms certificates of source programs into certificates of their compilation. It provides strong guarantees on low-level code, and is useful for eliminating trust in the compiler (for high assurance code) and in the code producer for mobile code security. The theory of certificate translation has been developed in earlier work, but no implementation...

In this paper, we propose an error correction method using text corpora. In this method, recognition errors are corrected using phonetically similar examples in the text corpora. The reliability of the correction hypotheses are judged according to their semantic consistency and their phonetic similarity to the original input. We previously proposed an error correction method that uses a treeban...

This paper evaluates a direct speech translation Method with waveforms using the Inductive Learning method for short conversation. The method is able to work without conventional speech recognition and speech synthesis because syntactic expressions are not needed for translation in the proposed method. We focus only on acoustic characteristics of speech waveforms of source and target languages ...