exergy analysis of a system is a method for recognizing the value and type of system availability against surrounding environment. it also helps to find how macroscopic properties of the system change during a process. this analysis is based on first and second laws of thermodynamics. by exergy analysis proportion of each process in the internal availability transmission and the places of usefu...

We propose a theoretical study of optimization of metal-dielectric multilayer in order to approach -1 effective refractive index for transverse magnetic waves and a wavelength in the visible. The absorption losses of metal appear to be a crucial factor that affects the effective properties of the multilayer. Taking advantage of the dispersion relation of Bloch modes, we show that the losses not...

This paper is concerned with linear quantum networks of N nondegenerate optical parametric amplifiers (NOPAs), with N up to 6, which are interconnected in a coherent feedback chain. Each network connects two communicating parties (Alice and Bob) over two transmission channels. In previous work we have shown that a dual-NOPA coherent feedback network generates better Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR...

Low-loss, hollow, flexible, metal-coated waveguides were designed and fabricated for the maximal transmission of terahertz radiation. Since recent terahertz skin, colon, and breast cancer studies showed a contrast between normal and diseased tissues between 500 to 600GHz frequencies, flexible metal-coated waveguides with various bore diameters were studied at both 584GHz and 1.4THz frequencies ...

Images are usually transmitted across the Internet using a lossless protocol such as TCP/IP. Lossless protocols require retransmission of lost packets, which substantially increases transmission time. We introduce a fast lossy Internet image transmission scheme (FLIIT) for compressed images which uses forward error correction to eliminate retransmission delays. FLIIT couples an embedded quantiz...

Images are usually transmitted across the Internet using a lossless protocol such as TCP/IP. Lossless protocols require retransmission of lost packets, which substantially increases transmission time. We introduce a fast lossy Internet image transmission scheme (FLIIT) for compressed images which uses forward error correction to eliminate retransmission delays. FLIIT couples an embedded quantiz...

Economists know how to calculate optimal prices for electricity transmission. These are rarely applied in practice. This paper develops a thirteen node model, based on the transmission system in England and Wales, incorporating losses and transmission constraints. It is solved with optimal prices, and with uniform prices for demand and for generation, but re-dispatching to take account of trans...

We are proposing a distributed algorithm to increase the transmission rate whenever possible and decrease the rate when too much error is encountered for a system with tight real time constraint and communicating elements so that the tolerance of the system to the message losses is very limited. The transmission bauds are pre-quantized and is known to both transmitter and receiver. Due to the u...

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional structures enabling complete control on light amplitude, phase, and polarization. Unlike plasmonic metasurfaces, silicon structures facilitate high transmission, low losses, and compatibility with existing semiconductor technologies. We experimentally demonstrate two examples of high-efficiency polarization-sensitive dielectric metasurfaces with 2π phase control...