Background and Objective: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively prevents the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a disease primarily contracted by men who have sex with or sharing needles, syringes, other drug injection equipment. However, there some disparity over thought that PrEP patients disproportionate incidence sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared non-Pr...

Background: Several studies have shown that abnormal vaginal flora associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Content: Microbiome can be defined as an ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms literally share the living in human body space. Studies showed uncircumcised men are more likely to populated by gram-positive negative bacteria or other pat...