Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is where the conceptus implanted deep in myometrium and at exact site of previous caesarean section. Symptoms include amenorrhea, pelvic pain vaginal bleeding first trimester. The investigation choice transvaginal ultrasound. Individualized treatment options are based on gestational age, presence embryonal cardiac activity, severity symptoms, serum hCG le...

Aims of course/workshop This workshop aims to provide the principles of the ultrasound application in urogynecology in order to complete the clinical assessment and to improve diagnostic skills into routine urogynecological practice. The course is intended to give clinicians ideas about the standard requirements for basic 2D-3D pelvic floor ultrasound: after attending this workshop the particip...

Background: 70% of all gynecological consultations are for abnormal uterine bleeding. Any approach to optimal management begins with an appropriate diagnosis. 40% of premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding were found to have some intrauterine pathology. This study aims to compare the diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasonography in comparison to hysteroscopy in detecting uterine a...

Background: To compare pregnancy outcomes in women at risk for cervical incompetence after elective versus ultrasound indicated cerclage. Methods: In a prospective randomized trial, singleton pregnancies with at least one previous spontaneous midtrimester loss or early preterm delivery (between 15 and 32 weeks’ gestation) who met clinical criteria for the diagnosis of cervical incompe­ tence we...

In this video we review the standard approach and steps to ultrasound evaluation of pelvic pain. There are four basic sonographic for examining women with clinical suspicion deep endometriosis. We show examples all these findings consistent Routine uterus adnexa including signs adenomyosis/presence or absence endometrioma. Evaluation transvaginal ‘soft markers’ i.e. site-specific tenderness, ut...

BACKGROUND To determine the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography, sonohysterography and diagnostic hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women. DESIGN Systematic review of common diagnostic imaging tests. DATA SOURCES Relevant papers were identified through electronic searching of MEDLINE (1980 to July 2001) and EMBASE (1980 to July 2001) and m...

Ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid gland is relatively easy in most cases with excellent visualization of the gland with linear transducer allowing clear characterization of lesions as well as guidance for biopsy. However when retrosternal thyroid tissue extension is present, evaluation may be difficult. We report the simple use of widely available transvaginal probe in helping to visualize a...

Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy prior to rupture is an arduous task even with the availability of many new investigative methods and imaging modalities. Above all, a high index of suspicion is necessary when dealing with women who present in early pregnancy with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. With the increased use of ovulation induction agents, the probability of heterotropic pregnancy sh...