A novel design of Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (DC-PCF) with silica-air microstructures is proposed in this paper. Nonlinearity and confinement loss of DC-PCF are evaluated by using a Full-Vectorial Finite Element Method (FV-FEM) successfully. By optimizing the geometry of three ring DC-PCFs, a high nonlinearity (52w-1km-1) and low confinement loss (0.001dB/km) can be achieved at 1.55μm wav...

The distribution of longitudinal gluons in a nucleon, introduced earlier by Gorsky and Ioffe, is estimated from below by making use of the positivity of density matrix and the analogue of the WandzuraWilczek relation for the light-cone distributions of polarized gluons in a transversely polarized nucleon. It is now well known that the spin properties of gluons and quarks are fairly different. I...

Compact coherent x-ray sources have been the focus of extensive research efforts over past decades. As a result, several novel schemes like optical and nano-undulators for generating emissions in "table-top" setups are proposed, developed, assessed. Despite decades, there exists no operational FEL based on or electromagnetic undulators. By combining particle confinement capability cavities with...

In this paper, we present a comparative numerical analysis to determine the refractive index of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) by using FDFD method and used the results to evaluate the confinement losses of PCFs by considering the effects of air-hole rings in the cladding. It is shown that by increasing the wavelength, the imaginary part of refraction index rises, resulting in increase of conf...

In this work, we investigate the thermoelectrical properties of a silicene nanoribbon heterostructure composed central conductor fully doped with ad-atoms and connected to two pristine leads same material. Using tight-binding Hamiltonian, have calculated system’s thermoelectric as function geometrical confinement external field. Our results exhibit an enhancement thermopower when transverse ele...

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns can be effectively rehabilitated or strengthened by externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps, which improve the axial load capacity and ductility of these through a confinement effect. Modern design codes require that seismically designed RC have significant minimum amounts both longitudinal transverse steel. This steel apply considerable confining...