Background The use of quality-adjusted life years (QALY) as an outcome measure of economic evaluations is well-established in the literature. A measure of dental utility analogous to QALY, the quality-adjusted tooth years (QATY), had been initiated but only met with limited success, partly because of its inability to compare across a variety of dental interventions. This study aimed to develop ...

Facial expressions are important cues used in social communication. Studies in both patients with mood disorders and healthy volunteers have shown that facial expression perception can vary according to current mood state. Interpretation or perception of facial expressions can also be altered by administration of certain psychopharmacological agents. Novel drug development at present is restric...

BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcome measures are rarely used in vitiligo trials. The Vitiligo Noticeability Scale (VNS) is a new patient-reported outcome measure assessing how 'noticeable' vitiligo patches are after treatment. The noticeability of vitiligo after treatment is an important indicator of treatment success from the patient's perspective. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the construct validi...

BACKGROUND The Menopause Rating Scale is a health-related Quality of Life scale developed in the early 1990s and step-by-step validated since then. No methodologically detailed work on the utility of the scale to assess health-related changes after treatment was published before. METHOD We analysed an open, uncontrolled post-marketing study with over 9000 women with pre- and post-treatment da...

The objective was to identify whether arthroplasty or conservative treatment is the best available treatment for three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures by analyzing the outcome measure of the Constant score. We conducted an electronic search. The systematic review included 33 studies encompassing 1096 patients with three- or four-part proximal humeral fractures that used the Constant s...

objective: premenstrual syndromes (pms) affecting 20-40% of women of reproductive age. the aim of this double blind and placebo controlled trial was to investigate whether femicofort a supplement contains vitamin b6, vitamin e and evening primrose oil could relieve symptoms of pms. method: this was a randomized and double blind clinical trial. the trial was conducted between november 2009 and a...

OBJECTIVE While several studies have shown that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, few studies have addressed the outcome of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, even though this treatment is widely used. The aim of this study was to compare short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and CBT with regard to treatment outcome in general...

Background and Aim: Evaluation of the treatment outcome is an important stage in every healthcare system, including orthodontics. This study aimed to assess the atti-tude and practice regarding treatment outcome assessment (TOA) among Iranian orthodontists. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, a questionnaire was developed, which consisted of demographic, attitude, and practi...