The topology of the space of rooted oriented hexagonal knots embedded in R 3 is described, with special attention given to the number of components that make up this space and to the topological knot types which they represent. Two cases are considered: (i) hexagons with varying edge length, and (ii) equilateral hexagons with unit-length edges. The structure of these spaces then gives new notio...

NMR spectroscopy measurements have been used to obtain structural information about the pNR-2/pS2 single-domain trefoil peptide. NMR data from 2D (two dimensional) double-quantum-filtered correlation spectroscopy (DQF-COSY), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), NOE spectroscopy (NOESY), rotating frame NOE spectroscopy (ROESY) and 2D 13C-1H heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) and 13...

Human trefoil factor 3 (hTFF3) is a small-molecule peptide with potential medicinal value. Its main pharmacological function is to alleviate gastrointestinal mucosal injuries caused by various factors and promote the repair of damaged mucosa. However, how its transcription is regulated is not yet known. The aim of this study was to clone the hTFF3 gene promoter region, identify the core promote...

In chronically damaged tissue, trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides ensure epithelial protection and restitution. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), TFF1 and TFF2 are reported to be upregulated. Especially in the early phase, CKD is associated with silently ongoing renal damage and inflammation. Moreover, many patients are diagnosed late during disease progression. We therefore sought to investig...

Molecular trefoil knots are usually covalently assembled from rationally designed building blocks with multiple functional groups. In their Research Article (e202200748), Jie-Sheng Huang, Chi-Ming Che, and co-workers report on the use of monoalkynes a mononuclear AuI compound for self-assembly Au−C bonded Au15 featuring non-covalent AuI–AuI interactions. The structures, solution behavior, photo...

The role of reactive oxygen species in liver fibrogenesis is not yet clarified [11]. Huang et al. [13] showed a progressive increase in plasma malondialdehyde, hepatic 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, hepatic mitochondrial respiratory functions and procollagen I and III or transforming growth factor1 mRNA expression in rats rendered cirrhotic by bile duct ligation. There is also a progressive impai...