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background : hydronephrosis (hn) or calycial dilatation is the most common prenatal urologic abnormality. the aim of this study was to identify the possible changes in demographic and clinical manifestations of infantile hn in previously and recently diagnosed patients.   methods : 193 children with infantile hn admitted to ali-asghar children's hospital in two different periods (group 1 1997-2...

a healthcare system has been the most important priority for all governments worldwide. biotechnology products have affected the promotion of health care over the last thirty years. during the last several decades, iran has achieved significant success in extending healthcare to the rural areas and in reducing the rates of infant mortality and increasing population growth. biomedical technology...

Appearance of nationalism in each country is influenced by some social , religious and political factors throughout the history of that country In Iranian contemporary history, this process has also been dependent upon opinions and thoughts of some of the nationalist intellectuals and modernists their intellectual products played an important role in various social , intellectual and even artis...

Based on national surveys of employers from 1988 through 2001 and recent key-informant interviews, this paper examines trends in employer-based retiree health benefits. We assess trends in the availability of coverage to early and Medicare-eligible retirees, the cost of coverage, plan choice and enrollment, prescription drug coverage, and recent changes in plan design. During a period of low he...

background: social health is a dimension of health affected and interacts with other dimensions. considering the rate of world changes, foresighting the influence of future events and possible trends on social health could bring about advantageous information for social policy makers. methods: this is a qualitative study of futurology with cross impact analysis approach. after studying possible...

the objective of the present study was to estimate genetic trends for lactation milk yield, persistency of milk yield, somatic cell count and interval between first and second calving in holstein dairy cows of iran. the dataset consisted of 210,625 test day and 25,883 first parity cows with milk yield recorded from july 2002 to september 2007 comprising 97 herds in iran. breeding values of anim...

BACKGROUND Several genetic variants are associated with obesity risk. Promoting the notion of genes as a cause for obesity may increase genetically deterministic beliefs and decrease motivation to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors. Little is known about whether causal beliefs about obesity are associated with lifestyle behaviors. Study objectives were as follows: 1) to document the prevalen...

BACKGROUND Cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) are a growing public health problem, but data on incidence, trends, and costs in developing countries is scarce. Comprehensive and standardised surveillance for non-communicable diseases was recommended at the United Nations High-level meeting in 2011. AIMS To develop a model surveillance system for CMDs and risk factors that could be adopted for co...

INTRODUCTION The Common Sense Model of illness representations posits that how people think about an illness affects how they try to prevent the illness. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prevention representations vary by cancer type (colon, lung, and skin cancer) and whether representations are associated with relevant behaviors. METHODS We analyzed data from the Health Inf...