The photostability of tretinoin tocoferil was investigated under irradiation with three kinds of lamps, i.e., a cool white fluorescent lamp, a UV-A fluorescent lamp and a D65 fluorescent lamp. A combination of the cool white fluorescent lamp and the UV-A fluorescent lamp, and the D65 lamp having relative spectral power distribution similar to that of direct daylight, correspond to options 2 and...

A skin disease, like acne, is very common and normally happens to everyone at least once in their lifetime. The structure of the stratum corneum is often compared with a brick wall, with corneocytes surrounded by the mortar of the intercellular lipid lamellae. One of the best options for successful drug delivery to the affected area of skin is the use of elastic vesicles (niosomes) which can be...

This review summarizes important clinical developments in acne vulgaris identified from 17 systematic reviews published between February 2011 and August 2012. Regarding causes, Demodex mites have been shown to be associated with both acne vulgaris and rosacea, although it is unclear if their eradication improves either disease. Some weak evidence has emerged that suggests a possible link betwee...