A trickle-bed reactor (TBR) when operated in a trickle flow regime reduces liquid resistance to mass transfer because a very thin liquid film is in contact with the gas phase and results in improved gas–liquid mass transfer compared to continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). In the present study, continuous syngas fermentation was performed in a 1-L TBR for ethanol production by Clostridium r...

This paper reports on the behavioural response of motorists to a variable rate charging scheme designed to encourage safer driving practices and reduce exposure to crash-risk – specifically kilometres driven, night-time driving and speeding. The study involved a fiveweek ‘before’ period of GPS monitoring to establish how motorists drove normally, followed by a five-week ‘after’ period of GPS mo...

Macaulay's (1963) “Non-contractual relations in business: a preliminary study” was ahead of its time. The article was published in a prominent place. The American Sociological Review (ASR) is one of the sociology's two flagship journals. Still, its citations (in the ISI index) were but drips until the middle of the 1970s, and had grown only to a trickle as of the middle of the 1980s. Then, howe...

The influence of reactor pressure up to 6.0 MPa on the dynamic liquid hold-up in the trickle-flow regime with superficial gas velocities up to 5.2 cm/s has been investigated for water, ethanol and aqueous 40% ethyleneglycol, with nitrogen as the gas phase. Without gas flow, i.e. single-liquid trickle-flow operation, the reactor pressure has no influence on the dynamic liquid hold-up, which can ...

A mesophilic unsaturated flow (trickle bed) reactor was designed and tested for H2 production via fermentation of glucose. The reactor consisted of a column packed with glass beads and inoculated with a pure culture (Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824). A defined medium containing glucose was fed at a flow rate of 1.6 mL/min (0.096 L/h) into the capped reactor, producing a hydraulic retention ...

The dynamics of parasite-host systems can be complicated if the parasite life cycle contains an obligatory environmental stage and if the hosts' immunity increases upon re-infection. The dynamics then greatly depend on the relation between infection history and parasite uptake and excretion of individual hosts. In an effort to better understand such systems, we study Eimeria spp. in chickens as...

X iv :1 60 7. 01 26 5v 1 [ ph ys ic s. so cph ] 1 J ul 2 01 6 Innovation diffusion equations on correlated scale-free networks M.L. Bertotti ∗,1 J. Brunner †,2 and G. Modanese ‡1 Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bolzano, Italy TIS Innovation Park, Bolzano, Italy We introduce a heterogeneous network structure into the Bass diffusion model, in order to study th...

Recent research has suggested that employees are highly affected by perceptions of their managers' pattern of word-action consistency, which T. Simons (2002) called behavioral integrity (BI). The authors of the present study suggest that some employee racial groups may be more attentive to BI than others. They tested this notion using data from 1,944 employees working at 107 different hotels an...

This paper analyzes Pareto optimal non-linear taxation of profits and labor income in a private information economy with endogenous firm formation. Individuals differ in both their skill and their cost of setting up a firm, and choose between becoming workers and entrepreneurs. I show that a tax system in which entrepreneurial profits and labor income must be subject to the same non-linear tax ...