the effect of consumers' perception of the country originating a brand is powerful tool used to understand the customer needs, increase the satisfaction and ultimately the profitability of the organization. questionnaire methods designed to gather so many customers, managers and the experts in washing products provide appropriate results by refining and analyzing the data to make decision about...

This study revealed the tritrophic interactions of predatory coccinellids-host aphids-host plants on pome and stone fruit trees herbaceous in orchards Çanakkale Province, Turkey. Field sampling was done during spring summer seasons 2020 2021. Twelve species belonging to eight genera from family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) were found interacting with eleven host aphids Aphididae (Hemiptera) plant...

I review the hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the adaptive value of autumn leaf colours. The available adaptive hypotheses can be reduced to the following. Photoprotection: pigments protect against photoinhibition or photooxidation allowing a more efficient recovery of nutrients. Drought resistance: pigments decrease osmotic potential allowing leaves to tolerate water stress. Leaf ...

This paper deals with the dynamics of a tritrophic food chain model composed of a prey, predator and a super predator. A discrete time delay is introduced to the functional response term involved with the growth equation of predator and super predator to allow for a reaction time. The main content of this paper is divided into two parts. In the first part we consider the model with density depe...

Soybean aphid is an economic pest of soybean in North America. Currently, management of soybean aphid is achieved through the use of foliar- and seed-applied insecticides. However, natural enemies play an important role in regulating soybean aphid populations, and may be adversely affected by insecticides. The effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam seed treatments on the soybean aphid parasit...