The feasibility of using electrical stimulation of abdominal muscles to produce or augment cough in spinal cord injury has been demonstrated. Past studies have focused exclusively on the measurement of airflow at the mouth or expiratory pressures during electrically stimulated cough. The present study examined the actual movements of the trunk during electrical stimulation of the abdominal musc...

We evaluated whether patterns in hydraulic architecture increase transport efficiency. Five patterns are identified: area-preserving branching; variable trunk versus twig sap velocity; distally decreasing leaf specific conductivity (K(L)) and conduit diameter; and a decline in leaf specific conductance (k(L)) of the entire plant with maturation. These patterns coexist in innumerable combination...

Objective: This consideration used the computed tomography scan to investigate and evaluate relationship between COVID-19 pneumonia severity pulmonary artery diameter, ascending aorta diameter (AAD), right left (LPAD), ratio of main (MPAD) AAD in patients. Methods: retrospective cross-sectional was done on 90 confirmed Diameter MPAD, AAD, LPAD, calculated a solitary transverse section designate...

Almond production is concentrated in semi arid regions where fresh surface water supplies are increasingly scarce and ground waters often salinized. In drought years growers have to restrict application, either stressing the trees with inadequate or adding saline reducing stress but causing salt stress. Tree response combined critical management decisions there little no information at this tim...

In animals, gas exchange between blood and tissues occurs in narrow vessels, whose diameter is comparable to that of a red blood cell. Red blood cells must deform to squeeze through these narrow vessels, transiently blocking or occluding the vessels they pass through. Although the dynamics of vessel occlusion have been studied extensively, it remains an open question why microvessels need to be...

We developed a rat cerebral angiography system using monochromatic synchrotron radiation X-rays at SPring-8, a third generation synchrotron radiation facility. Using new technique, we assessed the distensibility of major trunk arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Twenty-five adult Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and fourteen stroke-prone spontaneously hype...

to identify anatomic and physiologic characteristics of children which are different from adults and to explain major patterns and responses of different types of injuries and to apply atls principles in management of injured kids and to emphasize on injury prevention to reduce the impact of injury in children. children have larger head, smaller jaw, shorter, narrower, funnel shaped airway, sof...

ments had been normal. The pelvic measurements were as follows :?Interspinous diameter, 24'5 cms.; intercristal, 27 cms.; intertrochanteric, 31 cms.; external conjugate, 19 cms. External examination revealed a longitudinal presentation of the foetuses; the foetal heart-beat was at the rate of 132 per minute. The presentation was a right occipito-posterior. The first stage of labour lasted 3 hou...