TUBERCULOSIS (TB) IS A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN WORLDWIDE despite a regular, although slow, decline in incidence over the last decade, as many as 8.6 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths were estimated to have occurred in 2012. TB is by all means a poverty-related disease, mainly affecting the most vulnerable populations in the poorest countries. The presence of multidrug-resistant strai...

The tuberculosis treatment control program is constrained by the outbreak of TB that resistant to anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT), especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Confirmation drug resistance really needs be done in each area considering there are variations phenotypes and genotypes region through laboratory tests such as molecular biology tests. Aim study determine prevalence Mycoba...

background the annual risk of tuberculosis (tb) in iran is about 0.5% with annual incidence rate of 23/100000 (16322 cases). different factors have been postulated as tb predisposing factors. several studies have linked smoking with pulmonary tuberculosis as the tb incidence in their adult men was 2.4 times higher than women. in iran, however, this ratio is equal and somewhere the ratio in wome...

Background: Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia ranks second worldwide in TB incidence the country.
 Content: The spread of happening across Indonesia. Each area had different types lineage M. tuberculosis and number. Drug resistance threatening to society it needs full attention immediate medication control disease. Therefore, this paper composed revi...

Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Onno W. Akkerman, Rob van Hest University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Tuberculosis Center Beatrixoord, Haren, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmon...

Background: Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteriaceae and the family, including important pathogens, such as tuberculosis (i.e., cause tuberculosis) leprae leprosy). Tuberculosis still major death in human societies. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate effect ethanolic extract garlic on isolated from patients Zabol, Iran, investigate presence antibiotic-resistant genes tubercul...

Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) is critical for host control of M. tuberculosis, but the relative contribution of TNF from innate and adaptive immune responses during tuberculosis infection is unclear. Myeloid versus T-cell-derived TNF function in tuberculosis was investigated using cell type-specific TNF deletion. Mice deficient for TNF expression in macrophages/neutrophils displayed early, trans...

The 5th CIHLMU Infectious Disease Symposium, Munich, Germany, March 12, 2016 brought together Tuberculosis Experts from developed and low middle-income countries to discuss the control of drug resistance Tuberculosis. The meeting featured 9 presentations: Tuberculosis history and current scenario, Tuberculosis and migration - current scenario in Germany, Mechanism of Tuberculosis resistance dev...

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) kills more young and middle-aged adults than any other infectious disease (WHO, 1999). Though it is curable and preventable, more than 5,000 people die of TB every day (2 to 3 million people per year) (WHO, 1999). TB often strikes the most vulnerable members of society and, if left untreated, causes its victims to lose weight, weaken, and eventually waste away (Ryan...