When Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are deployed in a railway tunnel environment, the available deployment positions and equipment size are restricted by regulations from the infrastructure owners in order to maintain the loading gauge. As we have discovered in the Aldwych tunnel [1], antennas mounted near to the tunnel wall worsens the path loss (PL) performance at 868MHz and 2.45GHz. However...

We prove that the tunnel number of a satellite chain link with components higher than or equal to twice bridge companion is as small possible among links same components. this result be sharp for over 2-bridge knot.

The treatment of nerve disorders of the upper extremity has become a highly specialized area. There has been an evolution in the electrodiagnostic approach for evaluating patients with these disorders. Portable automated nerve conduction testing systems are becoming popular for limited nerve conduction testing in the office. Differential latency testing can aid in the diagnosis of dynamic nerve...

Evaporative cooling by water spray is increasingly used as an efficient and environmentally-friendly approach to enhance thermal comfort in built environments. The complex two-phase flow in a water spray system is influenced by many factors such as continuous phase velocity, temperature and relative humidity patterns, droplet characteristics and continuous phase-droplet and droplet-droplet inte...

The addition of tunnel barriers to open chaotic systems, as well as representing more general physical systems, leads to much richer semiclassical dynamics. In particular, we present here a complete semiclassical treatment for these systems, in the regime where Ehrenfest time effects are negligible and for times shorter than the Heisenberg time. To start we explore the trajectory structures whi...

Rockburst events have been a serious problem for many years in mines worldwide, and particular at El Teniente mine Chile. is the largest copper world, located Andes Cordillera where high stress levels are present due to intensing mining activity addition complex geology. Consequently, study management of rockburst threat necessary. In this work, case Diablo Regimiento (DR) within studied. The e...

there are several methods for analysing the behaviour of underground structures under different loading conditions. most of these methods have many simplifications; therefore, in some cases, the results are too conservative and a very high safety factor, usually of more than 2 is needed. on the other hand, for stability analysis and the designing of support systems, these methods consider segme...

The Platform Screen Doors improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in the subway station; however, and the air quality is degraded in the subway tunnel. CO2 concentration and indoor particulate matter value are high in the tunnel. The IAQ level in subway tunnel degrades by increasing the train movements. Air-curtain installation reduces dusts, particles and moving toxic smokes and permits traffic by ge...

The surveying requirements during tunnel construction have changed little since the first tunnels were dug centuries ago, the focus being on leaving and arriving at the required place. Over the years the techniques and facilities to achieve this have developed considerably and also the cost constraints within which they should be achieved. This paper looks at some of the current surveying techn...