Specific turbidities, densities, and refractive indices of fragments of plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma have been measured. A spherical shell model of specified dimensions and refractive index was established for PM fragments. The ionic composition of the dispersion medium was varied systematically. Increases in Gamma/2 caused increases in the ...

Semi-aquatic snakes integrate visual and chemical stimuli, and prey detection and capture success are therefore linked to the display of visual predatory behavior. The snake Thamnophis melanogaster responds preferentially to individuals of the fish Xenotoca variata with a greater number of bright, colorful spots (lateral speckles) compared with those with a smaller number; however, water turbid...

The scattering and absorption of light by water molecules and by suspended and dissolved matter (turbidity) degrade image transmission and, thus, underwater perception. We tested the effects on visual detection of prey size and distance (affecting apparent prey size) and of low-level water turbidity in hand-reared great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) diving for natural prey (fish) in...

We aimed to study the efficacy of a water-assisted UVC light device (WUVC) as an innovative clean technology for disinfection fresh sound tomatoes and processing wash water turbidity was evaluated critical parameter. First, waters with different turbidities (from 0.4 828 NTU) were inoculated Listeria innocua treated in WUVC at dosages. Secondly, tomatoes, L. non-inoculated ones, using containin...

—Environmental factors such as turbidity and habitat complexity affect many aspects of aquatic food webs, including predator–prey interactions. We examined the effects of turbidity (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 nephelometric turbidity units [NTU]) and cover (presence or absence) on prey selection by adult smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu (mean 6 SD 1⁄4 290 6 41 mm total length) in laboratory pools. Ind...

A variety of methods have been devised for the assay of the enzyme hyaluronidase. These may be divided into four types: (a) measurement of the “spreading effect” in the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs (1, 2), (b) reduction of viscosity (3,4), (c) prevention of mucin clot formation (5), and (d) chemical measurement of total reducing substances, N-acetylglucosamine, or glucuronic acid liberated o...

background & aims of the study: drinking polluted water can transmit diseases, so potable water treatment is one of the most challenging and complex systems in countries. continuous monitoring for evaluation process in water treatment plant is important. this study aims to investigate performance evaluation of qom water treatment plant to remove turbidity and coliform in 2005 - 2014. materials ...

Synoptic monitoring of estuaries, some of the most bio-diverse and productive environments on Earth, is essential to study small-scale water dynamics and its role on spatiotemporal variation in water quality important to indigenous marine species and surrounding human settlements. We present a detailed study of turbidity, an optical index of water quality, in Apalachicola Bay, Florida (USA) usi...

Surrogate measures like turbidity, which can be observed with high frequency in situ, have potential for generating high frequency estimates of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. In the semiarid, snowmelt-driven, and irrigation-regulated Little Bear River watershed of northern Utah, high frequency in situ water quality measurements were recorded in conjunctio...

A system composed of cartridge membrane filters (25 ?m, 10 ?m and 1 opening size), UVC-lamp chlorinator was constructed tested with high turbidity water (up to 236 NTU). The proposed treated around 180 L day?1 river the following parameters were analysed: pressure drop in filters, turbidity, apparent colour, true Escherichia coli, total coliforms (TC), UV 254nm transmittance, absorbance organic...