Injection of 0.1% saline solution of Tween 80 i.p. (3 X 3 cm3/kg/12 h) in the cat decreased the carbachol-induced growling response 36 h after the last injection. The content of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) increased in the hypothalamus, midbrain and amygdala, which indicates the increase in serotonin (5-HT) turnover and the 5-HT system activity. The results indicate that Tween 80 causes...

In the international system, there has been a power shift towards regional powers, which can be illustrated by recent developments in climate governance. I argue that some of these regional powers are also climate powers, which benefit from an issue‐specific power shift. The behavior and strategies of those climate powers are central for global climate governance. To analyze ...

Insulin-loaded microemulsions for transdermal delivery were developed using isopropyl myristate or oleic acid as the oil phase, Tween 80 as the surfactant, and isopropyl alcohol as the cosurfactant. The pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine the composition of microemulsions. The insulin permeation flux of microemulsions containing oleic acid as oil phase through excised mou...

Many pentachlorophenol- (PCP-) contaminated environments are characterized by low or elevated temperatures, acidic or alkaline pH, and high salt concentrations. PCP-degrading microorganisms, adapted to grow and prosper in these environments, play an important role in the biological treatment of polluted extreme habitats. A PCP-degrading bacterium was isolated and characterized from arid and sal...

Groups of guinea pigs were vaccinated by the intracutaneous route with cultures of BCG grown in a liquid medium containing Tween 80 and the soluble fraction of heated human serum. After the cultures had been stored at 4 degrees C. for various periods of time, the antigenic response was compared with that of another group of guinea pigs receiving standard BCG vaccine prepared by the conventional...

Little is known about the effect of fluorides on bacteria. In large concentrations inorganic and organic fluoride compounds inhibit growth. Fluorine is not known to be an essential trace element for bacteria, fungi, or algae. Recently Davis and Dubos (1947) have shown that fluoride inhibits the action of a lipase on "tween 80" in concentrations that do not affect the growth of Mycobacterium tub...

Wood extractives in radiata pine are the source of the observed pitch problems in the pulp and paper industry. Various methodologies have been studied and used to reduce or eliminate their negative effects. A biological treatment with albino fungi of the Ophiostoma genus, fungi that degrade the lipidic components of extractives, has been proposed as a more environmentally friendly alternative f...

The efficacy of formulations containing tea tree oil (TTO) has been assessed in vitro in previous studies. Products that passed the European suspension test guidelines were investigated further in this study, in vivo with volunteers using the European handwashing method (EN 1499) and ex vivo using freshly excised human skin samples. The activity of 5% TTO in 0.001% Tween 80, in a hygienic skin ...

The conditions for isolation and cultivation of Propionibacterium acnes and related propionibacteria were studied in detail. Triton X-100 added to the diluent inhibited the growth of propionibacteria in concentrations of 0.05 to 0.1%. However, such was not the case with Tween 80; rather, growth of the bacteria was further enhanced by this agent. Consequently, Tween 80 was considered to be a sui...

Under appropriate conditions, oleic acid replaces biotin for several lactic acid bacteria.‘, z This growth-promoting action of oleic acid is not nullified by excess avidin for Streptococcus jaecalis R2 or for several other organisms (Table I). Egg white did, however, block utilization of oleic acid by Lactobacillus arabinosus (Table I). This result is obtained whether oleic acid is added alone,...