In recent years π-conjugated organic semiconductors have emerged as the active material in a number of diverse applications including large-area, low-cost displays, photovoltaics, printable and flexible electronics and organic spin valves. Organics allow (a) low-cost, low-temperature processing and (b) molecular-level design of electronic, optical and spin transport characteristics. Such featur...

Active Knowledge Engineering Lab The Active Knowledge Engineering Lab activities include investigations that are about discovering, externalizing, expressing, representing, sharing, exploring, configuring, activating, growing and managing enterprise knowledge as well as designing new programming platforms based on mentioned above principles. This year we have been focused on the following topic...

Introduction: In order to reduce patient setup error in treatment field, portal images with treatment beam (megavoltage x-ray) are widely used. These images are acquired by electronic portal imaging devices (EPID). However, portal images suffer from insufficient anatomical information, contrast, and spatial resolution, because of the fact that Compton scatter is the main photon...

Abstmctadapt to the long-term average of the stimulus. For examNeurobiological systems possess a tremendous ability to adapt to the surrounding environment at multiple timescales and at multiple stages of processing. Though the purpose of these biological adaptation mechanisms is not clear, some theories suggest that these methods allow for the finetuning of the visual system through long-term ...

this article is an attempt to study two historical junctures in the history of iran: from the qajar era to the mashrooteh movement; and from the pahlavi era to the islamic revolution. the two junctures have been studied from different perspectives; however, this article concentrates only on how political legitimacy emerged and diminished in the the above-mentioned revolutions. the basic questio...

The present study examined the effect of grouped meta-cognitive therapy on anxiety of patients' suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. This research is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group in which two groups of experiment and control are used. The present study population includes all state universities, Islamic Azad Universities of Tabriz students a...

Recently Papadimitriou has proposed a randomised ‘bit flipping’ method for solving the 2-satisfiability problem; and the author has proposed a randomised recolouring method which, given a 3-colourable graph, finds a 2-colouring of the vertices so that no triangle is monochromatic. Both methods involve finding a ‘bad’ configuration (unsatisfied clause, monochromatic triangle) and randomly changi...

Various potential applications of quantum dots (QDs) require knowledge their optical nonlinearities. In this review, the third-order nonlinearities responsible for saturable absorption, two-photon reverse and nonlinear refraction in QDs, as well high-order harmonics generation laser-induced plasmas containing are analyzed. The methods QD synthesis preparation strongly affect Above-mentioned stu...