As a non-parametric method of relative efficient measurement of a group of decision-making units (〖DMU〗_s), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the most important tools in efficiency computation. One of the main concerns dealt with in DEA is dealing with return to scale in two-stage processes in which, produced outputs of the first stage inputs are used as inputs for the second stage. The...

Enhancing an image in such a way that maintains image edges is a difficult problem. Many current methods for image enhancement either smooth edges on a small scale while improving contrast on a global scale or enhance edges on a large scale while amplifying noise on a small scale. Many applications of histograms for the purposes of image processing are well known. However, applying this process...

The usefulness of wavelet analysis is demonstrated by considering analytical expressions for phase mixed Alfvén waves in different physical circumstances. The wavelet analysis is briefly introduced, using the complex-valued Morlet wavelet, consisting of a plane wave modulated by a Gaussian, as the basic wavelet. The time and scale resolution of the wavelet transform are then discussed in more d...

In the field of digital image distribution and reproduction, standardization photography recent advancement in technology have led to explosive growth. This new impetus has increased need for introducing scientifically, well designed compression methods that would help handle, store transmit a huge volume data. Today, is an important role fields multimedia. DWT corporation with threshold quadtr...

The frequencies that have been chosen to make up the scale of Western music are geometrically spaced. Thus the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), although extremely effcient in the fast Fourier transform implementation, yields components which do not map efficiently to musical frequencies. This is because the frequency components calculated with the DFT are separated by a constant frequency diff...

Young intra-transform lavas erupted as a result of extension within the Garrett Transform Fault on the southern East Pacific Rise, are more porphyritic, less evolved, have lower concentrations of incompatible trace elements, and lower ratios of more incompatible to less incompatible elements (e.g. low K=Ti and La=Sm) compared to lavas from the adjacent East Pacific Rise ridge axis. Sr, Nd and P...