data envelopment analysis is a nonparametric technique checking efficiency of dmus using math programming. in conventional dea, it has been assumed that the status of each measure is clearly known as either input or output. kao and hwang (2008) developed a data envelopment analysis (dea) approach for measuring efficiency of decision processes which can be divided into two stages. the first stag...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a method for measuring the efficiency of peer decision making units (dmus) which uses a set of inputs to produce a set of outputs. in some cases, dmus have a two-stage structure, in which the first stage utilizes inputs to produce outputs used as the inputs of the second stage to produce final outputs. one important issue in two-stage dea is the sensitivity of...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a method for measuring the efficiency of peer decision making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. The traditional DEA treats decision making units under evaluation as black boxes and calculates their efficiencies with first inputs and last outputs. This carries the notion of missing some intermediate measures in the process of changing the inputs to...