نتایج جستجو برای: two step surface reactions
تعداد نتایج: 3221752 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The fabrication of many devices in modern technology requires techniques for growing thin films. As devices miniaturize, manufacturers will need to control thin film growth at the atomic level. Because many devices have challenging morphologies, thin films must be able to coat conformally on structures with high aspect ratios. Techniques based on atomic layer deposition (ALD), a special type of...
Baby boomers will begin entering old age in 2011. They will be the largest and most diverse cohort ever to experience this life-course transition. The sheer number of baby boomers has challenged institutions time after time (Dychtwald, 1990). Despite extensive speculation regarding the political, economic, and social impact that the aging of baby boomers will have on American society, no one ha...
We argue that the giant graviton configurations known from the literature have a complementary, microscopical description in terms of multiple gravitational waves undergoing a dielectric (or magnetic moment) effect. We present a non-Abelian effective action for these gravitational waves with dielectric couplings and show that stable dielectric solutions exist. These solutions agree in the large...
in the first part of this thesis we explored wetting and its dynamics for small droplets. first, we showed how a simple feature of water droplets on a surface, i.e. laplace pressure, can be exploited to build a micropump. we investigated capillary pumping in microchannels both experimentally and numerically. putting two droplets of different sizes at the in/outlet of a microchannel, will ge...
The interaction of atomic hydrogen with thin epitaxial FeO(111) and Fe3O4(111) films was studied by TDS, XPS and LEED. On the thin, one Fe-O bilayer thick FeO film, partial reduction occurs in two steps during exposure. It ends after removal of 1⁄4 monolayer (ML) of oxygen with a 2×2 pattern appearing in LEED. This FeO0.75 film is passive against further reduction. The first reduction step satu...
Hydrogen production from water thermolysis can be enhanced by the use of perovskite-type mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes, through which oxygen permeation is driven by a chemical potential gradient. In this work, water thermolysis experiments were performed using 0.9 mm thick La0.9Ca0.1FeO3-δ (LCF-91) perovskite membranes at 990 °C in a lab-scale button-cell reactor. We ex...
This work describes the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide arrays on glass surfaces. These arrays are composed of features defined and separated by differential surface tension (surface tension arrays). Specifically, photolithographic methods were used to create a series of spatially addressable, circular features containing an amino-terminated organosilane coupled to the glass through a silo...
In this contribution, we review the application of surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-SEIRAS) for time-resolved studies electrode–electrolyte interfaces. The range time resolution reviewed goes from seconds or a fraction second to picoseconds, and methodologies include fast interferometer scan rates, step-scan interferometry, frequency comb pump-prob...
Finding the active sites of catalysts and photo-catalysts is crucial for an improved fundamental understanding and the development of efficient catalytic systems. Here we have studied the photo-activated dehydrogenation of ethanol on reduced and oxidized rutile TiO2(110) in ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Utilizing scanning tunnelling microscopy, various spectroscopic techniques and theoretical ca...
From an interplay of UHV-STM imaging and DFT calculations, we have illustrated on-surface formation of polyphenyl chains through a hierarchical reaction pathway involving two different kinds of reactions (Ullmann coupling and cross-dehydrogenative coupling), which will provide a deeper understanding of on-surface chemical reactions and an alternative and efficient strategy to fabricate desired ...
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