Femtocells are a promising technology that benefits both mobile user and operators by providing economical voice and high speed data service particularly at indoor. Femtocells overlaid on existing macrocell forms a two-tier network and it may be considered as a heterogeneous network. Close access mode working of Femtocell Access Points (FAPs) and sharing radio resource allocation between existi...

Cellular IP networks deal with the concepts of micro-mobility. Buffer management in Cellular IP networks is very crucial as its proper usage not only increases the throughput of the network but also results in the reduction of the call drops. This article proposes a model for buffer management in Cellular IP network using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), an evolutionary computational method o...

The development of wireless technologies has been stimulated by the ever increasing network capacity and the diversity of users’ quality of service (QoS) requirements. It is widely anticipated that next-generation wireless networks should be capable of integrating wireless networks with various network architectures and wireless access technologies to provide diverse high-quality ubiquitous wir...

Multi-tier networks have many applications in different fields. We define a novel two-tier quantizer that can be applied to different node deployment problems including the energy conservation in two-tier wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consisting of N access points (APs) and M fusion centers (FCs). We aim at finding an optimal deployment of APs and FCs to minimize the average weighted total, o...

Extending the notion that reshoring can have a significant impact on firm's supply network owing to associated location decisions, we explore how influences resilience and sustainability of focal network. While is triggered by aspects related both home (domestic) host (foreign) country, frequently more favourable in country lead decision. To investigate these dynamics, construct two large-scale...