The advent of evolutionary medicine in the last two decades has provided new insights into the causes of human disease and possible preventative strategies. One of the strengths of evolutionary medicine is that it follows a multi-disciplinary approach. Such an approach is vital to future biomedicine as it enables for the infiltration of new ideas. Although evolutionary medicine uses Darwinian e...

apart expressing the cause of the reflection of light from the surface of polished objects, ibn al-haytham in his al-manāẓir claims that the acceptance or rejection of light by these objects is only due to their polished surfaces and have nothing to do with their solidity, because the reflection of light from the surface of soft polished objects such as water is also possible. kamāl al-dīn al-f...

This paper presents an economic argument that the prohibition of Ribā in classical Islamic Jurisprudence can be explained by appealing to precommitment and economic efficiency considerations. Our starting point is an argument provided by ’Ibn Rush ̄ d in Bidāyat alMujtahid wa Nihāyat al-Muqtas . id. ’Ibn Rush ̄ d provides a juristic explication of the “Objectives of The Law” (Maqās . id al-Sh ̄ ar̄...

muhammad ibn hamed isfahani more popularly known as imad ad-din al-isfahani was a persian historian, scholar, and rhetorician. he left a valuable anthology of arabic poetry to accompany his many historical works. and worked as a man of letters during the zengid and ayyubid period. he was born in isfahan in the year 1125, and studied at the nizamiyya school in baghdad. he graduated into the bure...

Ibn al-Jazzar on fevers: a critical edition of Zdd al-musafir wa-qut al-4.Vjr. Provisions for the traveller and nourishment for the sedentary, Book 7, Chapters 1-6, The original Arabic text with an English translation, introduction and commentary With this volume Gerrit Bos presents a critical edition and English translation of the last section of Ibn al-Jazzar's Zad al-musafir which will be we...

This article delves into the scholarly contributions of al-Biqā’ī, a thinker whose intellectual journey unfolded amidst turbulent backdrop Crusades, period marked by intense horizontal conflicts between Muslims and Christians. Despite charged atmosphere polemical exchanges, al-Biqā’ī’s approach to intertextual interpretation sets him apart as unique figure. His receptivity Christian Jewish trad...