نتایج جستجو برای: under the table payments
تعداد نتایج: 16187172 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
One of the most important concerns of economists is identification of the economic growth determinants. Meanwhile, institutional factors are of important ones. This paper aims to empirically investigate the effect of tax complexity, as a determinant institutional factor of economic growth in 42 relatively developed economies during 2008-2016. The tax complexity variables include: the time spent...
Background: One of the criteria for measuring the performance of governments and their survival is the degree of success in reducing and stabilizing the misery index. The misery index is obtained from the sum of inflation and unemployment. Inflation and unemployment are the most important factors affecting family's income. If the misery index is high, families will have less money to buy their ...
چکیده : * در یک واکنش تک ظرفی و با استفاده از واکنش آلدهید های آروماتیک و 3- متیل 1- فنیل پیرازولین-5- ان با نسبت مولی 1:1، ساختارهای هتروسیکل پیرازول سنتز شد. از مزایای آن، انجام واکنش در دمای اتاق، عدم نیاز به کاتالیزور، بازده بالای واکنش، استفاده از آب بعنوان حلال سبز و بی خطر به جای حلال های آلی وسمی می باشد . * توانستیم با استفاده از ملدرام اسید ومشتقات 2- هیدروکسی بنزآلدهید، ترکی...
What are the benefits provided by a payment system? What are the tradeoffs in public versus private payment systems and in restricted versus open payments arrangements? Modern payment systems encompass a variety of institutional designs with varying degrees of counterparty protection. We develop a framework which allows for an examination and comparison of payment systems, and specification of ...
The pandemic has been a catalyst for both negative and positive developments in public transport fares. In the field of transport, total automation all segments passenger is required. purpose study to substantiate problems innovating payment services as part overall ecosystem business find directions innovative development train systems context COVID-19 pandemic. uses systematic approach theore...
Under which conditions is it advantageous for countries to form a single payments area? This question is analyzed in a model of spatial bank competition to understand better the economic foundations of the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). An economic research perspective on the mostly informal policy debates about SEPA is developed. The analysis suggests that expectations about the positive ef...
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