Dictyostelium discoideum belongs to a group of multicellular life forms that can also exist for long periods as single cells. This ability to shift between uni- and multicellularity makes the group ideal for studying the genetic changes that occurred at the crossroads between uni- and multicellular life. In this Primer, I discuss the mechanisms that control multicellular development in Dictyost...

Brain-computer interface (BCI) has attracted great interests for its effectiveness in assisting disabled people. However, due to the poor BCI performance, this technique is still far from daily-life applications. One of critical issues confronting BCI research is how to enhance BCI performance. This study aimed at improving the motor imagery (MI) based BCI accuracy by integrating MI tasks with ...

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) commonly coexists with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Previous studies have tried to evaluate the relationship between ICAS and CSVD; however, they yielded varied conclusions. Furthermore, methodology of these is not very rigorous, as evaluated association CSVD bilateral hemispheres rather than affected hemisphere. Unilateral middle cerebral a...

| In this paper, we propose a fuzzy logic based control scheme for real time MPEG video to avoid long delay or excessive loss at the user-network interface (UNI) in an ATM network. The system consists of a shaper whose role is to smooth the MPEG output traac to reduce the burstiness of the video stream. The input and output rates of the shaper buuer are controlled by two fuzzy logic based contr...

Living in satisfying urban environments is important for an individual’s well-being. In order to create such environments, planners, designers, and policy makers need to understand the structures that cause residents to feel satisfied with their environments. This paper focuses on the perceived quality of urban residential environments: dwellings and neighborhoods. First, literature review w...

background: sputum smear examination is the basis of diagnosis of tuberculosis and quality control for the correct diagno­sis of tuberculosis is necessary. this study was a method survey and performed with 930 smears with the aim to compare the confidence rate of sputum smear examination reported by one laboratory technician with the findings reported by two techni­cians in a tuberculosis scree...