The recent observation of $^4$He implies that our universe has a large lepton asymmetry. We consider the Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism for number generation. In AD mechanism, non-topological solitons called L-balls are produced, and generated is confined in them. protect from being converted to baryon through sphaleron processes. study formation evolution find with asymmetry suggested by measurem...

In recent work we have extended the theory that dark matter is composed of primordial black hole (PBHs) to extremely high masses and made an assumption holographic entropy bound saturated. Astrophysicists recently suggested PBHs are formed with electric charges Q, retain their for age universe, all same sign, Q/M increases mass M. Adopting these assumptions using approximate formula relating Q ...