An efficient BF3·Et2O-promoted benzylation of arenes and heteroarenes with various benzyl ether derivatives has been developed. This method provided alternative access to valuable diarylmethane in good yields under mild conditions via an easy work-up procedure.

A steady increase of product titers and the corresponding change in impurity composition represent a challenge for development and optimization of antibody production processes. Additionally, increasing demands on product quality result in higher complexity of processes and analytics, thereby increasing the costs for product work-up. Concentration and composition of impurities are critical for ...

Tool innovation-designing and making novel tools to solve tasks-is extremely difficult for young children. To discover why this might be, we highlighted different aspects of tool making to children aged 4 to 6 years (N=110). Older children successfully innovated the means to make a hook after seeing the pre-made target tool only if they had a chance to manipulate the materials during a warm-up....

We contacted gay bar/club managers in 16 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the US from 2008 to 2010 and invited them to participate in survey of gay bar/club identification and patronage. The annual response rates were 58%, 74%, and 71%, respectively. We convened two, 1-hr meetings with research staff to discuss lessons learned from recruitment efforts. Data were analyzed using qualitati...

This paper is about the current situation of German legislation regarding the European Directive on safety and health when working with display screen equipment. After a brief review of the main points and implications of the directive in general, its challenges from a German perspective are described. In the second part of this paper the SANUS initiative of the Ministry of Education, Science, ...

This research is a study on the relationship of irrigation water treatments and soil moisture distribution uniformity (DU). Soil moisture distribution was based on long-term data sets that were collected during wet and dry soil conditions (from permanent wilting point to field capacity) using a novel electromagnetic sensor-based platform moving inside subsurface horizontal access-tubes. The irr...