[1] Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), the densest water in the global overturning circulation, has warmed in recent decades, most notably in the Atlantic. Time series recorded within the boundary currents immediately upstream and downstream of the most significant outflow of AABW from the Weddell Sea indicate that raised outflow temperatures are synchronous with stronger boundary current flows. Th...

This paper describes the generation of instability waves downstream of a leading edge by an imposed upstream disturbance. Two cases are considered. The first is concerned with mean flows of the Blasius type wherein the instabilities are represented by Tollmien-Schlichting waves. It is shown that the latter are generated fairly far downstream of the edge and are the result of a wave length reduc...

To avoid a congestion collapse, network flows should adjust their sending rates. Adaptive flows adjust the rate, while unresponsive flows do not respond to congestion and keep sending packets. Unresponsive flows waste resources by taking their share of the upstream links of a domain and dropping packets later when the downstream links are congested. We use network tomography—an edge-to-edge mec...

In an attempt to understand whether it should be expected that some genes tend to be used disproportionately often by natural selection, we investigated two related phenomena: the evolution of flux control among enzymes in a metabolic pathway and properties of adaptive substitutions in pathway enzymes. These two phenomena are related by the principle that adaptive substitutions should occur mor...

We examine whether cooperative planning and uncertainty affect the magnitude of rework in concurrent engineering projects with upstream and downstream operations, and explore the impact of such rework on project delays. Using survey data from a sample of 120 business process (BP) redesign and related information technology (IT) development projects in healthcare and telecommunications, our resu...

This paper examines the relationship between a differentiated downstream market and a specialized upstream market. We analyze four different ways price competition takes place between the upstream and downstream sectors when the upstream market supplies specialized and complementary inputs to a downstream product differentiated market. The first is the benchmark case of decentralized markets, t...