Taking almost all cities in China(including Hong Kong and Macau) as the research object in the year 1990, 2000 and 2007, this article studies the urban spheres of influence by using gravity model. Based on overall grasp of the spatial pattern of Chinese urban spheres of influence, the spatial characteristics of urban agglomerations are paid close attention to. Urban agglomerations are national ...

land use planning is the main core of urban planning and one of the main components of an urban system. this element has close relation with transportation system of the city, so if their interaction becomes insufficient, deterioration and chaos would have an adverse impact on the urban system and would cause serious environmental issues. the integrated land use-transportation models seem to b...

This paper provides empirical evidence of an U-shaped relationship between the extent of the market (size of the relevant urban market) and the pattern of crop specialization in a village economy. We use the recent two-stage estimator developed by Lewbel (2007) and exploit heteroskedasticity for identification of the causal effects of market size. The results suggest that the portfolio of crops...

The development of a health-care system depends on a country’s economic, political, social and cultural background. Because of China’s transformation over the last 20 years from a socialist economy to a market economy, China’s healthcare services have been converted from social and public goods to market goods without government planning or intervention. Liu’s article (1) in this issue clearly ...

Virtual technology can be a useful tool for designing models of healthy urban environments. The resilience and sustainability in any urban environment involves the establishment and maintenance of the health of its citizens. The well-being of youth, the future workforce of every society, is a highly important consideration in the design of cities. Cities are only truly sustainable when the work...

increasing concern with income distribution effects rather than growth effects of government activities has prompted numerous incidence analysis of government tax and expenditure behavior, in this paper, the extent of government contributions to changes in income inequality is analyzed for the Iranian economy. Some major findings of this research is that income distribution in urban areas was m...

While it is quite common in studies of diversity to focus on its negative aspects, this paper specifically aims to emphasize the contribution of immigrants to the urban economic performance. By exploring different kinds of social integration, this paper discusses how immigrant groups can be important agents of urban economic growth and competitiveness by liberating creative forces and enhancing...

Turkey has always had a continuous and strong demand to take its part in global economy which is stated very clearly after 1980s and Istanbul has always been the place of integration. Since then, there are many efforts trying to improve Istanbul’s capacity in economic, social and environmental dimensions. Recently, those efforts have begun to manifest themselves as urban regeneration projects a...

A rather unique panel tracking more than 3300 individuals from households in rural Kagera, Tanzania during 1991/4-2010 shows that about 1 out of 2 individuals/households who exited poverty did so by transitioning out of agriculture into the rural nonfarm economy or secondary towns. Only 1 out of 7 exited poverty by migrating to the big cities, even though those moving to the city experienced on...