Background About 10% of the populations in urban centers all over the world misuse psychoactive substances, independently of age, gender, education level and purchasing power. The use of these substances is direct and indirectly related with a series of health problems, among which traffic accidents, aggression, clinical depressions and conduct disorders are highlighted, besides sexual risk beh...

It is a sad fact that Canada’s Aboriginal people, whether living in rural communities or in urban centers, have a significantly lower life expectancy than non-Aboriginal Canadians.1 The gap in health status of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples is a matter of ongoing concern;2 recognizing and understanding the social determinants of health is key to understanding the difference in health status and, i...

Current literature highlights the role of commercial centers in cities in generating shopping trips and transport carbon emissions. However, the influence of the characteristics of commercial centers on consumer travel behavior and transport carbon emissions is not well understood. This study addresses this knowledge gap by examining shopping trips to eight commercial centers in Shenyang, China...

BACKGROUND Human resources (HR) are one of the most important components determining performance of public health system. The aim of this study was to assess adequacy of HR of local public health agencies to meet the needs emerging from health care reforms in Georgia. METHODS We used the Human Resources for Health Action Framework, which includes six components: HR management, policy, finance...

Increasing Urbanization and Industrialization is resulting in accelerating the growth of existing urban centers and causing faster rate of spatial Sprawl. Because of Sprawl of Urban centers, the increase of Population in hazardous areas and large-scale land conversion are matters growing concern. In particular urbanization in developing countries has produced large concentration of urban squatt...

There is a paucity of research exploring the needs of older immigrants in Canada in general and specifically of those who have settled in smaller urban centers in the Eastern region of Canada. Recently Newfoundland implemented an immigration strategy to attract more immigrants to address the skilled labor shortages, to increase the population that has been shrinking due to outmigration and to r...

Health Impact Assessment (HIA) courses are teaching public health and urban planning students how to assess the likely health effects of proposed policies, plans, and projects. We suggest that public health and urban planning have complimentary frameworks for training practitioners to address the living conditions that affect health. Planning perspectives emphasize practical skills for impactin...

Background & aim: Maternal satisfaction of health services is an inherent element of healthcare policies, and quality of midwifery care essentially influences this parameter. This study aimed to evaluate maternal satisfaction of postpartum care and its association with midwifery care at the urban health centers of Mashhad, Iran in 2012. Methods:This descriptive, cross sectional study was conduc...

Background and Objective: Little is known about cervical cancer (CC) in the Democratic People’sRepublic of Korea (DPRK). This study examines the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning CC and screening among female health care practitioners (HCPs), and whether differences exist between rural and urban HCPs. Method: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, a purposive sample of 200 wo...

Pesticides, applied in large quantities in urban communities to control cockroaches, pose potential threats to health, especially to children, who have proportionately greater exposures and unique, developmentally determined vulnerabilities. Integrated pest management (IPM) relies on nonchemical tools--cleaning of food residues, removal of potential nutrients, and sealing cracks and crevices. L...