BACKGROUND There is need for new information about the socio-economic and geographic differences in health seeking and expenditures on many health conditions, so to help to design interventions that will reduce inequity in utilisation of healthcare services and ensure universal coverage. OBJECTIVES The paper contributes additional knowledge about health seeking and economic burden of differen...

Adolescents account for almost one third of India's population. They are prone to suffer from reproductive and sexual health, nutritional, mental and behavioral problems. Health services which cater exclusively to the needs of adolescents are scanty and concentrated in urban areas. Adolescent Friendly Health Services (AFHS) which provide a broad range of preventive, promotive and curative servi...

The WHO's End TB Strategy aims to reduce TB deaths by 95% and incidence by 90% between 2015 and 2035. As the world rapidly urbanizes, more people could have access to better infrastructure and services to help combat poverty and infectious diseases, including TB. And yet large numbers of people now live in overcrowded slums, with poor access to urban health services, amplifying the burden of TB...

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that African Americans and rural patients receive fewer preventive services than other patients. OBJECTIVE To compare the use of preventive services by African Americans in urban and rural settings to determine if race and rural residence were additive risks for not obtaining preventive services. METHODS Three hundred African American patients seeking care in f...

background: attention to worker's health and safety is one of the priorities in health and medical delivery system of iran. this study was to assess health, medical and safety activities in hamadan province industries having more than 50 workers in 1997 . methods: the study group was made up of 3377 workers. for collecting data a questionnaire was provided and sent to the subject industries. he...

BACKGROUND During the last two decades, the trend of out-of-pocket payments (OOP) for health services by Iranian households has been a matter of concern and it has exposed a significant proportion of them to catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditures. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to investigate three objectives: First, the mean of out-of-pocket payments among Iranian households ...

BACKGROUND Recent internal migration flows from rural to urban areas pose challenges to women using reproductive health care services in their migratory destinations. No studies were found which examined the relationship between migration, migration-associated indicators and reproductive health care services in Bangladesh. METHODS We analyzed the 2006 Bangladesh Urban Health Survey (data made...

Urban futures that are more resilient and sustainable require an integrated social-ecological system approach to urban policymaking, planning, management, and governance. In this article, we introduce the Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (URBES) and the Cities and Biodiversity Outlook (CBO) Projects as new social-ecological contributions to research and practice on emerging urban resil...

çommunity based mental health services was brought to ïran during the decade of 1970s to decentralize services, decrease reliance on hospitalization and integrate the everyday life of chronic patients into the mainstream of social life. during the decade 1980s, integration of health provision and medical education, and development of a network of “primary health çare (phç)” were two important s...